Modeling and simulation of weld solidification cracking part III

Draxler, Joar; Edberg, Jonas; Andersson, Joel; Lindgren, Lars‐Erik

doi:10.1007/s40194-019-00784-3

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Between these temperatures, l 0 is assumed to vary linearly. The characteristic diameter of a grain cluster for Alloy 718 was determined to be 800 μm in a previous study by the authors [5]. This was obtained by inverse modeling of Varestraint tests for autogenous TIG welding of Alloy 718 at a welding speed of 1 mm/s.…”

Section: Strain Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the same approach that the authors were using when they were modeling solidification cracking in the FZ of a TIG weld. More information about this can be found in [4,5].…”

Section: Process Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their values are given in Table 2. The values of T c and β were taken from [5], whereas the values of ρ s and D l were taken from [11]. ρ l was calculated from ρ s and β using Eq.…”

Section: Application To Alloy 718mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We assume that when the temperature reaches T e , all remaining liquid solidifies into γ /Laves eutectic. Moreover, we assume a G value of 80 × 10 3 K/m and a λ 1 value of 20 μm, which are characteristic for TIG welding of Alloy 718 at a welding speed of 1 mm/s [5].…”

Section: Application To Alloy 718mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These tests were performed with 4% augmented strain, 1 mm/s welding speed, and 10 mm/s ram speed. For more technical details about the Varestraint test, see [5]. At the surface of these tests, a region with large cracks could be found.…”

Section: Eutectic Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical model for simulating the effect of strain rate on eutectic band thickness

et al. 2020

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Large tensile strains acting on the solidifying weld metal can cause the formation of eutectic bands along grain boundaries. These eutectic bands can lead to severe liquation in the partially melted zone of a subsequent overlapping weld. This can increase the risk of heat-affected zone liquation cracking. In this paper, we present a solidification model for modeling eutectic bands. The model is based on solute convection in grain boundary liquid films induced by tensile strains. The proposed model was used to study the influence of strain rate on the thickness of eutectic bands in Alloy 718. It was found that when the magnitude of the strain rate is 10 times larger than that of the solidification rate, the calculated eutectic band thickness is about 200 to 500% larger (depending on the solidification rate) as compared to when the strain rate is zero. In the paper, we also discuss how eutectic bands may form from hot cracks.

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Section: Strain Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the same approach that the authors were using when they were modeling solidification cracking in the FZ of a TIG weld. More information about this can be found in [4,5].…”

Section: Process Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their values are given in Table 2. The values of T c and β were taken from [5], whereas the values of ρ s and D l were taken from [11]. ρ l was calculated from ρ s and β using Eq.…”

Section: Application To Alloy 718mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application To Alloy 718mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eutectic Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical model for simulating the effect of strain rate on eutectic band thickness

et al. 2020

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Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 3: modeling

Coniglio

Cross

2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Solidification cracking is a weld defect common to certain susceptible alloys rendering many of them unweldable. It forms and grows continuously behind a moving weld pool within the twophase mushy zone and involves a complex interaction between thermal, metallurgical and mechanical factors. Research has demonstrated the ability to minimize solidification cracking occurrence by using appropriate welding parameters. Despite decade's long efforts to investigate weld solidification cracking, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the particular effect of travel speed. While the use of the fastest welding speed is usually recommended, this rule has not always been confirmed on site. Varying welding speed has many consequences both on stress cells surrounding the weld pool, grain structure, and mushy zone extent. Experimental data and models are compiled to highlight the importance of welding speed on solidification cracking. This review is partitioned into three parts: Part I focuses on the effects of welding speed on weld metal characteristics, Part II reviews the data of the literature to discuss the importance of selecting properly the metrics, and Part III details the different methods to model the effect of welding speed on solidification cracking occurrence.

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Design and Tailoring of Alloys for Additive Manufacturing

Pollock

Clarke

Babu

2020

Metall Mater Trans A

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Additive manufacturing (AM) promises a major transformation for manufacturing of metallic components for aerospace, medical, nuclear, and energy applications. This perspective paper addresses some of the opportunities for alloy and feedstock design to achieve site-specific and enhanced properties not attainable by conventional manufacturing processes. This paper provides a brief overview of the role of powders, as well as solidification and solid-state phase transformation phenomena typically encountered during fusion-based AM. Three case studies are discussed that leverage the above to arrive at microstructure control. The first case study focuses on approaches to modify the solidification characteristics by in-situ alloying. The second case study focuses on the need for concurrent design of alloys and processing conditions to arrive at the columnar to equiaxed transition during solidification. The third case study focuses on the design of a cobalt alloy for AM, with emphasis on tailoring liquid and solid state phase transformations. The need for comprehensive knowledge of processing conditions during AM, in-situ and ex-situ probing of microstructure development under AM conditions, and post-print processing, characterization, and qualification are articulated for the design of future alloys and component geometries built by AM.

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Modeling and simulation of weld solidification cracking part III

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

A numerical model for simulating the effect of strain rate on eutectic band thickness

A numerical model for simulating the effect of strain rate on eutectic band thickness

Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 3: modeling

Design and Tailoring of Alloys for Additive Manufacturing

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