“…The value of mathematical model development is widely recognized (Alvarez et al, ; Assadi, Bouzaza, Merabet, & Wolbert, ; Beretta et al, ; Haghshenas, Sadeghi, & Ghadiri, ; Ivanchina, Ivashkina, Dolganova, & Platonov, ; Klenov, Makarshin, Gribovskiy, Andreev, & Parmon, ; Machado et al, ; Melo, Bacelos, Pereira, Lira, & Gidaspow, ; Scheithauer, Grützner, Zollinger, von Harbou, & Hasse, ; Trad, Vial, Fontaine, & Larroche, ), and it includes several stages: - experimental data investigation
- formulation of hypotheses on the process mechanism
- development of model equations (material and heat balances)
- the algorithm design
- formulating the adequacy criteria
- identification of the model parameters
- model verification
- using the model for improvement of the process conditions
…”