Modeling and simulation of GPR wave propagation through wet snowpacks: Testing the sensitivity of a method for snow water equivalent estimation

Sundström, Nils; Kruglyak, Andrey; Friborg, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.01.006

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Bradford et al (2009) tested this method on a 1.2-m-thick snowpack with average liquid water content of 1.4 vol%, and the absolute uncertainty in liquid water content was limited to 0.5 vol%. The other method is based on comparing attenuation of two radar waves travelling along different paths through the snowpack but sharing a single reflection point on the ground (Granlund 2009;Sundström et al 2012); this approach is referred to as the path-dependent attenuation (PDA) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of a new method for estimation of liquid water content and snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks with GPR

et al. 2012

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Estimates of snow water equivalent (SWE) with ground-penetrating radar can be used to calibrate and validate measurements of SWE over large areas conducted from satellites and aircrafts.However, such radar estimates typically suffer from low accuracy in wet snowpacks due to a built-in assumption of dry snow. To remedy the problem, we suggest determining liquid water content from path-dependent attenuation. We present the results of a field evaluation of this method which demonstrate that, in a wet snowpack between 0.9 and 3 m deep and with about 5 vol% of liquid water, liquid water content is underestimated by about 50% (on average). Nevertheless, the method decreases the mean error in SWE estimates to 16% compared to 34% when the presence of liquid water in snow is ignored and 31% when SWE is determined directly from two-way travel time and calibrated for manually measured snow density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field evaluation of a new method for estimation of liquid water content and snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks with GPR

et al. 2012

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“…The three factors of prime importance to radar measurement error are the liquid water content of the snowpack, the configuration of wet/dry snow interfaces, and the homogeneity in the depth of the snowpack [42]. Variations in these parameters can cause large errors, even in simple one-layer or two-layer snowpack scenarios.…”

Section: Radar Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Errors in GPR measurements of SWE are also dependent on the specific snow conditions. A comprehensive definition of the errors involved in GPR is provided by [42].…”

Section: Radar Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

et al. 2013

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Moisture content in the soil and snow in the alpine environment is an important factor, not only for environmentally oriented research, but also for decision making in agriculture and hazard management. Current observation techniques quantifying soil moisture or characterizing a snow pack often require dedicated instrumentation that measures either at point scale or at very large (satellite pixel) scale. Given the heterogeneity of both snow cover and soil moisture in alpine terrain, observations of the spatial distribution of moisture and snow-cover are lacking at spatial scales relevant for alpine hydrometeorology. This paper provides an overview of the challenges and status of the determination of soil moisture and snow properties in alpine environments. Current measurement techniques and newly proposed ones, based on the reception of reflected Global Navigation Satellite Signals (i.e., GNSS Reflectometry or GNSS-R), or the use of laser scanning are reviewed, and the perspectives offered by these new techniques to fill the current gap in the instrumentation level are discussed. Some key enabling technologies OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2013, 5 3517 including the availability of modernized GNSS signals and GNSS array beamforming techniques are also considered and discussed.

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“…While many applications of TR are described in the current literature, these are mainly aimed at determining qualitative snow cover properties (snow water equivalent, grain sizes or snow layering), rather than snow depth on a regional scale (e.g. Sundström et al, 2012;Previatia et al, 2011;Mitterer et al, 2011;Heilig et al, 2008). 11.07.2016…”

Section:  Terrestrial Techniques For Determining Hs Include Terrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Potential of Low-Cost Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems for Monitoring the Alpine Snow Cover

Mayer¹,

Adams²

2016

Investigating the Potential of Low-Cost Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems for Monitoring the Alpine Snow Cover (RPAS4SNOW)

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Modeling and simulation of GPR wave propagation through wet snowpacks: Testing the sensitivity of a method for snow water equivalent estimation

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Field evaluation of a new method for estimation of liquid water content and snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks with GPR

Field evaluation of a new method for estimation of liquid water content and snow water equivalent of wet snowpacks with GPR

Soil Moisture & Snow Properties Determination with GNSS in Alpine Environments: Challenges, Status, and Perspectives

Investigating the Potential of Low-Cost Remotely Piloted Aerial Systems for Monitoring the Alpine Snow Cover

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