Modeling and performance analysis of a fully solar-powered stand-alone sweeping gas membrane distillation desalination system for island and coastal households

Recent Developments of Solar Stills and Humidification De-humidification Desalination Systems: A Review

“…Results indicated that the modified system's exergy efficiency was increased by around 64.8%. Lu and Li [55] investigated experimentally and mathematically solar-driven MD in conjunction with PVT. Results indicated that the water yield was 23.26L/day, while the anticipated cost per cubic meter is around 18.34USD/m 3 .…”

The Application of Open Capillary Modules for Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation

“…Membrane distillation (MD) is performed by phase change; therefore, this process is energy-consuming and over 2500 kJ/kg of permeate obtained is required [1]. The water released from the feed in the form of vapour flows to the other side of the membrane where it is condensed, e.g., in the cold distillate stream.…”

“…This inconvenience was limited by separating the membrane from the cold distillate with a gas layer (Air Gap MD) [8]. In another variant of the MD process, a gas stream flows on the permeate side [1,5]. A flowing gas is used to sweep the vapour out of the membrane permeate side, and this variant is called sweeping gas MD (SGMD) [1,[3][4][5][6].…”

“…In another variant of the MD process, a gas stream flows on the permeate side [1,5]. A flowing gas is used to sweep the vapour out of the membrane permeate side, and this variant is called sweeping gas MD (SGMD) [1,[3][4][5][6]. The gaseous layer increases the resistance to heat transfer which decreases the heat loss by conduction.…”

“…For this reason, the application of the SGMD variant allowed to reduce heat losses to the level of 20% [9]. However, it must be recognised that in order to obtain freshwater from salt water in the SGMD variant, an external vapour condenser should be additionally used [1,10].…”