Modeling and optimized controller for cardiac drug infusion system

Abstract

Background: Manual drug infusion during surgeries is inaccurate and timeconsuming which has been adopted technique in most of the hospitals. Methods: Based on clinical data, it is evident that the manual control is inaccurate and takes prolonged time to bring into effect, if any change in infusion rate is required during clinical practice. Considering this drawback, the modeling of cardiovascular system (CVS) and baroreceptor (BR) is developed using miscellaneous differential equations based on compartmental approach. The control variables are mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output (CO) obtained from CVS-BR model. Findings: The manipulated variables are noradrenaline (NAR) and nitroglycerine (NG) infusion rate which is modeled using the relationship between volume and drug mass effect equations on CVS-BR model. For the open loop transfer function derived from the model, relative gain array (RGA) analysis is performed to identify the influence of maximum effect of manipulated variables on the physiological parameters. The simulation results obtained from MATLAB are correlated using time domain specifications and error criteria. The performance index reveals the least error and facilitates in accurate infusion of drugs to the patient during cardiovascular surgeries. Novelty: The automatic controller during surgery provides safe operating condition and speedy recovery of the patients and also helps the anaesthetist to monitor and regulate the physiological variables.