Modeling and optimization of the mixed reforming of methane: Maximizing CO2 utilization for non-equilibrated reaction

Three-dimensional numerical and experimental investigation of an industrial-sized SOFC fueled by diesel reformat – Part I: Creation of a base model for further carbon deposition modeling

“…3(a) represents the fuel cell behavior at q ¼750 C. Methane species trend is plotted as a dark blue, almost horizontal line. The chemical equilibrium of the methane-steam reforming reaction for a temperature of q ¼750 C should be on the product side of this reaction [46,47]. Experimental data shows that internal reforming of methane in the applied cell is low in this particular application.…”

Simulation of dry reforming of methane in a conventional downfired reformer

“…To explore the benefits of combined SMR and DRM, a series of simulations was conducted using the furnace gas conditions from item 16 in Table , constant molar flow rate of CH 4 (1909 kmol/h) and ratio of CO 2 /CH 4 = 1 with increasing mole fraction of steam in the process gas feed, from 0 up to a mole fraction of 0.6. Reliable model predictions are expected for this range of operating conditions because Park et al used inlet gas compositions with steam levels up to about 0.6 mole fraction in some of the experiments used to fit the parameters in Table . Figure A shows that the maximum outer tube wall temperature decreases to value of 900°C when the steam mole fraction in the process gas feed is near 0.37.…”

“…The model is able to predict temperature profiles for fuel gas, tube walls, and process gas, as well as the process gas composition profiles over the length of the reformer tubes. Kinetic models for two promising Ni‐based dry reforming catalysts were used in the simulations . The simulation results suggest that the catalyst of Zhang et al is more active than the catalyst of Park et al for the DRM reaction.…”

“…Two versions of the DRM model are developed in this article, with one using the DRM kinetics of Zhang et al and the other using the kinetics of Park et al As a result of these alternative kinetics, the energy and material balance equations for the discrete segments of the process gas within the tubes requires updating. Latham et al developed the following material balance for the k th species in the i th segment of the process gas: where…”

“…Based on our review of the literature, the catalysts studied by Zhang et al and Park et al are two of the most promising Ni‐based catalysts that have been studied to date . To our knowledge, the behavior of these two catalysts has only been investigated in the laboratory and has not been studied at large scale.…”