“…For example, the genetic algorithms (GA) [15,16,17], ABC algorithms [11], ACO algorithms [13,18], evolution strategy algorithm [14], and other population based approaches [11]. Among these algorithms, the ABC algorithms as well as the IWO algorithm proposed by Venkatesh and Singh [11], the MOAT-ACO algorithm [13], and the ES algorithm [14] are the state-of-the-art heuristics for both of the minsum and the minmax TSP. In addition, some studies focus on one of the two objectives of TSP.…”