Modeling and optimization of antibacterial effect of lichen‐associated bacteria, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> KSRLAB3 strain against marine fouling bacteria, <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>

Subbaiyan, Rubavathi; Ganesan, Ayyappadasan

doi:10.1002/bab.2457

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…36 The study paved the way for the assessment of antimicrobial and antifouling activ-ity that can be further extended for identification of the potential compounds that have prevented the attachment of foulers. 37 Natural product-based antifoulants have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional antifouling agents due to their unique properties and potential applications. These compounds, derived from diverse natural sources, exhibit various bioactive properties that can effectively inhibit fouling organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo assessment of antimicrobial, enzymatic, and antifouling properties of self‐potent lichen symbiotic bacteria

Subbaiyan,

Ganesan

2024

Biotech and App Biochem

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This study aimed to comprehensively assess the antimicrobial, antifouling, and antibiofilm‐forming potential of lichen symbiotic bacteria against marine fouling bacterial strains. A total of 50 lichen‐associated bacteria (LAB) isolates were successfully characterized and evaluated for their effectiveness in mitigating biofouling caused by various marine biofoulers. Through a battery of biological assays encompassing enzymatic, antagonistic, antimicrobial, and antifouling assays, 15 LAB isolates were identified based on their antagonist activities. Notably, the strain LAB4 exhibited remarkable performance across all bioassays, demonstrating its proficiency as an antifouling agent. The production of crude LAB extracts was successfully scaled up using a large‐scale fermentor and further optimized. Additionally, a phylogenetic analysis of the isolated strain Bacillus proteolyticus D65's 16S ribosomal RNA gene revealed a high query coverage and percentage identity of 92.62% (accession no. MK883171.1). In conclusion, the lichen bacterial symbiotic isolate B. proteolyticus exhibited significant in vitro and in vivo inhibition of foulants. This study highlights the potential of lichens as a valuable source of yet unexplored bacteria. The bacterial consortium associated with Parmotrema sp. holds promise in combatting biofouling, which poses a substantial threat to the maritime industries and their economic stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo assessment of antimicrobial, enzymatic, and antifouling properties of self‐potent lichen symbiotic bacteria

Subbaiyan,

Ganesan

2024

Biotech and App Biochem

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“…Lichen bacteria like Bacillus subtilis , can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of B. subtilis KSRLAB3 against Vibrio alginolyticus was optimized using the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) method 14 The phytochemical analysis analyzed the presence of secondary metabolites namely alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phytosterols, steroids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and proteins 15 . Lichen metabolites are discovered to possess antifungal, anticancer and antioxidants, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual screening of the natural antifoulants: In silico approach to screen lichen metabolites against marine biofoulers

Subbaiyan,

Ganesan,

Dhanuskodi

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The present study aims to explore the inhibitory action of lichen metabolites against important protein targets of marine fouling organisms using computational methods. Lichens with their unique ability to produce various secondary metabolites find versatile applications in Biotechnology and allied fields. The 3D structure of target proteins associated with fouling activity of marine organism were collected from the protein data bank (PDB) and the computational docking analysis was performed using the PyRx software with 40 lichen compounds that are collected from PubChem. The lichen compounds were docked against the following protein targets—mannose‐specific lectin CGL1 of Crassostrea gigas, Proximal thread matrix protein 1 PTMP 1 of Mytilus galloprovincialis, and G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) of Balanus amphitrite. As there was no experimentally determined structure available for GPCR of B. amphitrite, homology modeling was performed to predict the protein structure. The docking study showed effective binding of lichen compounds to various fouling targets with the binding energies in the range of −10.1 to −5 kcal/mol. Among the lichen compounds studied, roccanin showed the least binding energy for CGL1, PTMP1 and GPCR. The correlation assessments predict a positive relationship between binding energy, molecular weight and retention time. MD Simulation studies were performed using LARMD online tool and the RMSD and radius of gyration (Rg) values was recorded. This study proves that the compounds produced by lichens have high antifouling effect against marine foulers under in silico conditions.

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Self potent antimicrobial and antifouling properties of zinc nanoparticles derived from lichen symbionts

Subbaiyan,

Ganesan,

Muthusamy

et al. 2023

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biofouling poses a significant economic challenge for marine transportation. The use of chemical compounds to eliminate fouling layers beneath the ship's surface, albeit effective, raises concerns due to its potential harm to the aquatic ecosystem. Lichen symbiotic associations, an underexplored research area, show promise in producing antimicrobial and antifouling compounds. These lichen‐associated bacteria engage in various functional activities and have multiple bacterial counterparts. The optimal conditions for cultivating lichen‐associated bacteria for maximum growth were identified as a pH of 7, a temperature of 30°C, and an incubation period of 8 days. Glucose served as the carbon source, while yeast extract served as the nitrogen source. Additionally, zinc nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from the thriving lichen‐associated bacteria. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated distinctive bands at 3890 and 3103 cm−1, corresponding to the OH stretching of alcohol and acid stretch bands, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of amide in NH banding in the synthesized zinc nanoparticles was represented by a band at 1636 cm−1. SEM images of the produced zinc NPs displayed a spherical shape, ranging in size from 40 to 70 nm. To assess the impact of these nanoparticles from lichen‐associated bacteria on biofouling activity in marine transportation, zebrafish results were analyzed.

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Modeling and optimization of antibacterial effect of lichen‐associated bacteria, Bacillus subtilis KSRLAB3 strain against marine fouling bacteria, Vibrio alginolyticus

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

In vitro and in vivo assessment of antimicrobial, enzymatic, and antifouling properties of self‐potent lichen symbiotic bacteria

In vitro and in vivo assessment of antimicrobial, enzymatic, and antifouling properties of self‐potent lichen symbiotic bacteria

Virtual screening of the natural antifoulants: In silico approach to screen lichen metabolites against marine biofoulers

Self potent antimicrobial and antifouling properties of zinc nanoparticles derived from lichen symbionts

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