Modeling and optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy system

Cost Calculation Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems

“…It is known that, even these days, at least 1.6-2 million people not to consume electricity in the world. Besides, in some countries, there exist great differences between the poor and the rich in obtaining energy (Belfkira et al, 2008). In that situation, the most benefit in the future of electricity generation sources, expected to be renewable energy sources especially solar and wind.…”

Stand-alone wind power system operating with a specific storage structure

“…These cost reductions are due to new technologies, more efficient and more reliable wind turbines [1][2][3][4]. Nowadays, electrical energy savings at residential level, the production closer to places of habitation, have become a topic of lively debate for the energy demand satisfaction with a reduced price, economic and environmental [5,6]. Thus, the "small wind" applications became more and more popular in the isolated sites, these last years.…”

Estimating the Optimal Design of a Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Basrah City

“…The costs of a hybrid system include the capital costs, operating costs, maintenance costs and replacement costs. The optimization procedure is achieved by minimizing the system total cost function consisting of the sum of the individual system devices capital, the 20-year round maintenance costs and the installation costs [8]. Comparison of different configurations that supply the load at a required LPSP is based on calculating the cost of electricity production in ($/kWh).…”

“…Where: v(t): is wind speed (m/s) at desired height h (m), v r (t): is wind speed (m/s) at the reference height h r (m) α: is the ground surface friction coefficient, the one seventhpower law ratio is used corresponds to most common surfaces [8].…”

“…The shape of this curve is influenced by the blades area, the choice of airfoil, the number of blades, the blade shape, the optimum tip speed ratio, the speed of rotation and the cut-in wind speed. A mathematical model for the power curve of a wind turbine taking into account these parameters is as follows [8]:…”