Modeling and numerical simulation of laser matter interaction and ablation with a 193 nanometer laser for nanosecond pulse

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to develop and validate a model and a numerical code describing the laser matter interaction and also laser ablation. The laser wavelength is 193 nm and the pulse duration is several nanoseconds.Design/methodology/approachThe developed model is based on strong theoretical background (cf. references). The electronic nonequilibrium aspect is always taken into account. The electronic nonequilibrium is one of the key aspect the UV laser matter interaction and must be treated carefully and that is not always the case. The numerical code was developed using efficient and versatile numerical methods. The model and simulations are always compared to experiments in order to validate them and also to find their limitations.FindingsThis work has greatly improved the code accuracy. The key role of the electronic nonequilibrium is also demonstrated. From experimental comparisons it is obvious that photo‐ablation should be taken into account for the lower fluences, but to do so, a completely new approach must be developed.Originality/valueThis work describes the whole laser ablation process with the electronic nonequilibrium effects properly modeled. The numerical results has always been confronted to experiments, in most of the cases the agreement was very good. When it was not the case, explanations have been sought along with ways to improve the approach.

Extension of non-equilibrium modeling of metal ablation to the thermal effect inside the target material using a two temperature model

“…The adequacy of the previously listed reactions has been proven in several works, 5,14,16 from which our approach is inspired. The good agreement with experimental data of our predicted plasma ignition threshold in our previous works 8,9 strongly confirms their relevance.…”

“…To solve the thermal model, we chose an explicit central difference scheme, second order precise in space and first order precise in time. 5 The time step was to ∆t = 10 −14 s, and the space step was ∆x = 10 −6 cm.…”

Dynamics of UV short pulse laser-induced plasmas from a ceramic material “titanium carbide”: a hydrodynamical out of equilibrium investigation

“…The coupling of the thermal and hydrodynamical solvers allow to have a general and accurate overview of the entire ablation process. Because this code has already been used effectively to simulated laser ablation of semiconductors (Parisse et al 2011) and metals (Ait Oumeziane et al 2016a, Ait Oumeziane et al 2014, Ait Oumeziane et al 2016 we know that it is adapted to such multiphysics problems.…”

Theoretical and numerical study of the interaction of a nanosecond laser pulse with a copper target for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applications

“…In each one of the earlier cited papers, a type of boundary conditions was used and thermal equilibrium between the electrons and the lattice was supposed. A more concise approach where nonequilibrium was treated was presented by Parisse et al [7], which showed that nonequilibrium between electrons and lattice does exist but does not affect the results much. This work was motivated by the need to have in hand a simple and rather accurate model, and to have the order of magnitude of some physical parameters such as the temperature, for this will be helpful before conducting experiments.…”

“…It is important to know that the shock wave can only be present in an ambient atmosphere. Compared to the expansion into vacuum, the interaction of the plume in an ambient gas is a much more complicated gas dynamic process that involves deceleration, attenuation, thermalization, and recombination of the ablated species and formation of shock waves [7]. Assuming the expansion takes place in pure vacuum, we will not deal with the dynamics of the shock wave for the rest of this study.…”