Modeling and Model Validation of a Chemical Injection Sprayer System

Abstract

Efficient control strategies can be used to avoid off-target application in the operation of variable rate application sprayers. The main processes involved in the operation of a variable rate application sprayer are the injection of chemical and its mixing with the carrier. Therefore, the objective of this research was to develop mathematical models for a chemical direct injection system (DIS) including the carrier-chemical mix to assist the design and prediction of the variable rate application errors. The modeling of the DIS involves different engineering fields and is based on the physical parameters of the hydraulic and electrical-mechanical components, fluid equations and experimental procedures.The developed models for the chemical DIS were validated via a normalized root mean square error (RMSE) index using a laboratory-scale sprayer test bench built to design sprayers and analyze their performance. These models captured the realistic operation of the chemical injection system including the effect of the transport delay which is dependent on the carrier-chemical mix flow rate. Experimental results of the DIS flow rates and pressure yielded normalized RMSE values lower than 0.4 indicating that the sprayer performance can be efficiently predicted with the developed models. Additionally, experimental curve fitting results for the carrierchemical mix time constant and transport delay parameters from step changes of the chemical and carrierchemical flow rates yielded a statistic coefficient of determination R 2 close to 1 indicating that these DIS parameters can be efficiently predicted from experimental step responses.

Key Technologies for an Orchard Variable-Rate Sprayer: Current Status and Future Prospects

“…The in-line injection system was developed and investigated over the past several decades [80][81][82][83][84][85]. However, its shortcomings included a long lag time, low mixture uniformity, inaccurate chemical concentration, and high application rate errors [83].…”

“…The in-line injection system was developed and investigated over the past several decades [80][81][82][83][84][85]. However, its shortcomings included a long lag time, low mixture uniformity, inaccurate chemical concentration, and high application rate errors [83]. Zhang et al [84] developed an experimental premixing in-line injection system, which made use of a metering pump and a water pump, respectively, to pump chemicals and pure water into a premixing tank through a static mixer first, and then transferred the mixture to the buffer tank (Figure 7).…”