Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems

Radio-over-fiber (RoF) links successfully provide high data rates and bandwidth capacity with a low complexity system architecture, as compared to its counterpart digital-RoF. In addition, the compound of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) modulation schemes further enhance the process of these achievements. However, high data rates and bandwidth-capacity-supported RoF links face nonlinearities (NLs), linear distortions (LDs), and phase noise challenges that degrade the reliability of communication networks (CNs). Therefore, in this paper, to suppress NLs, LDs, and phase noise, next generation cloud radio access networks (CRANs) are investigated using RoF links and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) methodology based on 16, 32, and 64 QAM-OFDM modulation schemes. The receiver of the proposed framework is designed, applying an improved digital signal processing (DSP) system that includes overlap frequency domain equalization (OFDE), a synchronization process, and time domain equalization (TDE). Theoretical and simulation models are organized for estimating the proposed RoF link with the aid of different values of transmission ranges, input power, output power, bit rate, bits per symbol, channel spacing, and the number of users. The fitness of the model matches that of existing approaches.

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“…In the presence of PAPR, the NL, LD, and noise power spectral density (PSD) function [33,34] is induced and calculated as…”

Section: Analytical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Phase Noise and Nonlinearities for High Capacity Radio-over-Fiber Links

et al. 2021

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“…Transmission of a signal via coaxial cable is fast being replaced with optical fiber due to its intrinsic advantages of long-distance signal transmission, exceptional bandwidth, and signal security. However, Nonlinear (NL) impairment of Four-Wave Mixing (FWM), in fibre degrades channel capacity and high data-rate transmission of the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system [3]. This impairment sets a restriction fibre on the highest signal power that can be transmitted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It affects both the transmission distance and capacity through long distances. In DWDM based system, the FWM effect increases with a decrease in channel spacing/arrangement [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of 16-Channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System to Fibre Dispersion and Four-Wave Mixing under Varying Capacities and Channel Spacing

Tooki¹,

Abolade

Aborisade

2022

EJECE

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An essential feature of a long-haul Optical Communication System (OCS) is to transmit huge volumes of data over long distances. In OCS, fiber dispersion and Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) play negative roles in achieving this, as the propagation of the light signal, associated with the pulse, travels at varying speeds. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) system is not spared from these identified limitations. In this work, a mathematical analysis for the dispersion and FWM was presented and validated through simulation software. The research was designed and implemented using an optical simulation software tool, OptiSystem 17.0. Transmission parameters of dispersion and Nonlinear (NL) effects due to refractive index, FWM, were considered. The research was carried out on a 125 km-long fiber link and was investigated under a 16-channel DWDM system. The effects of identified limitations on the performance of the DWDM system with channel arrangement of 100, 50, and 25 GHz were further explored. This work compared the DWDM system under these different channel arrangements. The transmission performance of the DWDM system was evaluated based on signal power, noise power, and eye pattern. The results obtained show that any increase in capacity causes significant decreases in the performance of the DWDM system. It was, however, noted that noise power is independent of an increase in bit rate. The results obtained further revealled that the launched power of the system must be reduced for better performance of the DWDM system and improved immunity against identified limitations.

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“…As discussed above, the channel impairments can be categorized to be intrachannel 5 and interchannel 6 . The CD and self‐phase modulation (SPM) are nonlinear factors which come under the intrachannel category, while four‐wave maxing (FWM) 7 and cross‐phase modulation (XPM) 8 type of nonlinearities belong to interchannel impairments. The first classification can be easily compensated with the help of appropriate launch power level and dispersion compensation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviation of nonlinear channel effects in long‐haul and high‐capacity optical transmission networks

Ali

Habib

Muhammad

et al. 2021

Int J Communication

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Summary Optical transmission networks (OTxNs) provide a cost‐effective solution towards ultrahigh data intercontinental transmission. However, nonlinear effects such as four‐wave mixing (FWM) and cross‐phase modulation (XPM) are the major performance limiting factors for OTxNs. This paper proposes the use of differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) modulation format and uneven channel spacings for dispersion compensation and investigates the nonlinear mitigation performance for a 32 channels ultradense wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM) with data rate of up to 10 Gbps per channel. In addition, this paper presents an analysis on power budget and power penalties with a cost benefit analysis (CBA) for the proposed framework. The transmission link of the proposed UDWDM model is analyzed in terms of bit error rate (BER) for various lengths of optical fiber in long‐haul transmission, launch power, nonlinear effective area, and nonlinear refractive index. The analytical model is developed for mitigation of nonlinearity for the modeled UDWDM long‐haul and ultrahigh‐capacity system, beyond 1200‐km path span. The simulation results show systems advantages of having narrower spectrum than on‐off‐keying (OOK) modulation, significant tolerance to nonlinearities and low cost, compared with current OTxNs with 2.8‐dB optical signal‐to‐noise ratio (OSNR) improvement and successful mitigation of nonlinearities for as high launch powers as +4 dBm for such long distance transmission in dispersive channel.

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Modeling and minimization of FWM effects in DWDM-based long-haul optical communication systems

Cited by 37 publications

References 21 publications

Mitigation of Phase Noise and Nonlinearities for High Capacity Radio-over-Fiber Links

Mitigation of Phase Noise and Nonlinearities for High Capacity Radio-over-Fiber Links

Tolerance of 16-Channel Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing System to Fibre Dispersion and Four-Wave Mixing under Varying Capacities and Channel Spacing

Alleviation of nonlinear channel effects in long‐haul and high‐capacity optical transmission networks

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