Modeling and measurement of temperature sensitivity in birefringent photonic crystal holey fibers

Martynkien, Tadeusz; Szpulak, M.; Urbańczyk, Wacław

doi:10.1364/ao.44.007780

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, work still needs to be done on appropriate light delivery. We note that optical fibers capable of carrying high-peak intensity laser pulses are currently still only experimental (49). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse

Starkey¹,

Rebane

Drobizhev³

et al. 2008

Clinical Cancer Research

225

189

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to show that novel photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers can be activated by two-photon absorption in the near-IR region of the spectrum and to show, for the first time, that such activation can lead to tumor regressions at significant tissue depth. These experiments also evaluated effects of high-energy femtosecond pulsed laser irradiation on normal tissues and characterized the response of xenograft tumors to our PDT protocols. Experimental Design: Human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H69), non-small cell lung cancer (A549), and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts were induced in SCID mice. Irradiation of sensitized tumors was undertaken through the bodies of tumor-bearing mice to give a treatment depth of 2 cm. Posttreatment tumor regressions and histopathology were carried out to determine the nature of the response to these new PDT agents. Microarray expression profiles were conducted to assess the similarity of responses to single and two-photon activated PDT. Results:Regressions of all tumor types tested were seen. Histopathology was consistent with known PDT effects, and no, or minimal, changes were noted in irradiated normal tissues. Cluster analysis of microarray expression profiling showed reproducible changes in transcripts associated with apoptosis, stress, oxygen transport, and gene regulation. Conclusions: These new PDT sensitizers can be used at a depth of 2 cm to produce excellent xenograft regressions. The tumor response was consistent with known responses to singlephoton activated PDT. Experiments in larger animals are warranted to determine the maximal achievable depth of treatment.Photodynamic therapy (PDT; ref. 1) is a protocol that uses light of the appropriate wavelength to activate photosensitizer accumulated in tumor tissue to its triplet state (2). The triplet excitation energy can be effectively transferred to molecular oxygen, resulting in the generation of singlet oxygen, superoxide radical, and other active oxygen species (2, 3). The singlet oxygen causes direct chemical damage to tumor and/or tumor endothelial cells (4), initiates a neutrophilic inflammatory response (5), and can stimulate both innate and specific antitumor immune responses (6 -8). Singlet-oxygen production, however, requires a sufficiently high energy of the triplet state of the sensitizer. Long-wavelength near-IR (NIR) light k ex > 750 nm has relatively low-photon energy, which restricts the range of processes that can be activated by one-photon excitation. The relation between the wavelength and the minimum excitation energy of singlet oxygen is shown in Fig. 1A. The dark gray shaded area corresponds to the excitation energy below the required minimum value, E so < 1.5 -1.6 eV (9, 10), which shows that sensitization by one-photon absorption (1PA) fails in the phototherapeutic window 780 to 950 nm, where tissues have maximum transparency to light. Sensitization by simultaneous two-photon absorption (2PA; ref. 11) combines the energy of two photons and can provide suffi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse

Starkey¹,

Rebane

Drobizhev³

et al. 2008

Clinical Cancer Research

225

189

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“…The response to temperature variations of the sensing head was also characterized. 8 The structure was placed in a tube furnace and submitted to increasing values of temperature in the range 0-100…”

Section: Experimental Setup and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of three parameters using an all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on suspended twin-core fibers

Silva

2011

Opt. Eng

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Abstract.We describe an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometric configuration based on a suspended twin-core fiber. Because of the birefringence of the fiber cores, two interferometers are obtained by illuminating the fiber with polarized light. Applying strain, curvature, and temperature to the sensing head, different sensitivities are observed that permit the use of the matrix method to discriminate these three measurands. C 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).

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“…Due to the fact that the host PCF is almost insensitive to temperature [11], any temperature−induced birefringence changes ob− served in the whole fiber result only from the PLCF section.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light propagation in highly birefringent photonic liquid crystal fibers

Ertman

Czapla

Woliński

et al. 2009

Opto-Electronics Review

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Photonic liquid crystal fibers have already been demonstrated as a promising perspective for creation of new classes of dynamically tunable optical fiber devices. By combining different geometries of photonic crystal fibers with a variety of different liquid crystals it is possible to obtain a new generation of fibers with dynamically tunable properties, e.g., transmission spectra, attenuation or dispersion.In this paper, tunable birefringence in a commercially available highly birefringent Blazephotonics PM-1550-01 photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with a low birefringence liquid crystal has been experimentally demonstrated. Theses experimental results have been compared with simulations based on the multipole method.

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Modeling and measurement of temperature sensitivity in birefringent photonic crystal holey fibers

Cited by 53 publications

References 21 publications

New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse

New Two-Photon Activated Photodynamic Therapy Sensitizers Induce Xenograft Tumor Regressions after Near-IR Laser Treatment through the Body of the Host Mouse

Simultaneous measurement of three parameters using an all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer based on suspended twin-core fibers

Light propagation in highly birefringent photonic liquid crystal fibers

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