Modeling and Fabrication of a Piezoelectric Artificial Cochlea Electrode Array With Longitudinal Coupling

Development and Characterization of a Biomimetic Totally Implantable Artificial Basilar Membrane System

“…In addition, we compared our ABM with the existing literatures on ABM development using PVDF. Saadatzi et al (2020) developed the ABM with PVDF plates and gold electrodes mounted on the PDMS elastomer matrix. This ABM showed five channels of frequency separation characteristics within the frequency range of 3 to 8 kHz.…”

“…The basal membrane in the cochlear has a trapezoid structure, which is narrow and thick in the base, and wide and thin in the apex. Due to its physical and structural features, the basal membrane acts as a frequency analyzer that shows frequency selectivity (Saadatzi et al, 2020). On the base, the maximal displacement of BM is shown for the high frequency sound, and the maximal displacement at the apex is shown for the low frequency sound.…”

Artificial Sense Technology: Emulating and Extending Biological Senses

“…For example, the hemispherical retina structure with high-density photoreceptors fabricated by Gu et al realizes imaging resolutions as high as those of the naked eye . Saadatzi et al designed a spiral-shaped basilar membrane based on the human cochlea, which can generate a localized deflection for different frequency inputs for voice recognition …”

“…16 Saadatzi et al designed a spiral-shaped basilar membrane based on the human cochlea, which can generate a localized deflection for different frequency inputs for voice recognition. 20 Artificial Nerve Systems for Signal Transmission. In biological sensory pathways, signals are first collected and filtered from multiple sources by the peripheral systems before being sent to the nervous centralis for perception.…”

Acoustic Core–Shell Resonance Harvester for Application of Artificial Cochlea Based on the Piezo-Triboelectric Effect

“…As a specific hearing impairment caused by damaged sensory hair cells located at the basilar membrane of cochlea, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) has disturbed numerous individuals, such as the elderly population, congenitally deaf children, and hearing-damaged patients caused by drugs, strikes, or high-intensity noise. − Hair cells are crucial tissues that convert acoustic vibrations to electrical signals and stimulate auditory nerves along with underlying neurons, whose dysfunction cannot be treated by biological or pharmaceutical strategies. − Existing cochlear implants or hearing aids have intrinsic defects that are inconvenient with an external power supply and low speech recognition. ,− Implanting flexible sound-driven piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators (sound-driven PTNGs) as acoustic sensors to substitute the damaged hair cells of the human cochlea and provide an electrical response of the artificial auditory system is a promising solution. − However, the performance of sound-driven nanogenerators is generally limited by weaknesses, such as relatively low output power density, high structure complexity, and impracticable maintenance, which can be improved to a certain extent by utilizing resonant cavities, whereas effective volume and portability are restrained. − Moreover, most of the presented devices generally only perform well at the resonant frequency whose regulation can barely be achieved as of now, which extensively obstructs the application of sound-driven nanogenerators as artificial cochlea. − Therefore, proposing a reasonable harvesting principle and ingenious structure for fabricating an acoustic harvester device with good practicability and high performance remains a challenge. − …”