Modeling and Experimental Investigation of a 2-Stroke GDI Engine for Range Extender Applications

Mattarelli, Enrico; Rinaldini, Carlo Alberto; Baldini, Piero

doi:10.4271/2014-01-1672

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A limit to the number of cylinders can be imposed to minimise cost as demonstrated by the work of Bassett et al [4] or Mattarelli et al [2][6] where parallel twin cylinder units have been considered. Horizontally opposed flat twin engines have also been considered for HEV application as demonstrated by the Peugeot Citroen Dynavolt system and the research published by Stan and Personnaz [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibration constants C1 to C4 are developed as factors to influence the maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax) and mean piston velocity elements of equation (2).…”

Section: Model Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two cylinder possibilities have been researched such as four stroke units by the work of Bassett et al [4] and some examples of two stroke cycle engines have been considered such as the work of Stan et al [5] and Mattarelli et al [2] [6]. Whichever fundamental choice between two or four stroke cycle is taken for the power plant stringent emissions targets must be meet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small internal combustion engines with fewer than four cylinders have been considered by a number of researchers as suitable power plants as the prime mover to provide on board power generation to effectively address the range limitation of electric vehicles [1] [2]. The Range Extender Electric Vehicle (RE-EV) has therefore been conceived to address this need and notable examples such as the GM Volt [3] have shown successful application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives

Hooper

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Securing the objectives for future high efficiency low CO2 vehicles is a key target for automotive manufacturers. This paper considers a high durability two-stroke cycle engine in terms of performance and computational modelling of emission characteristics for automotive range-extender or hybrid electric vehicle power plant application. The engine uses novel segregated pump charging via the application of stepped pistons and the study compares the engine characteristics with a comparable four stroke cycle engine of similar expected power output (60+ kW per litre). In the interests of cost minimisation both engines are limited to parallel two cylinder in-line configurations with the intention of still being able to achieve acceptably low noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) characteristics. In order to achieve low engine exhaust emissions computational modelling of direct injection is considered for the stepped piston engine. Significant NOx emission reduction of between 31% and 55% is observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calibration constants C1 to C4 are developed as factors to influence the maximum cylinder pressure (Pmax) and mean piston velocity elements of equation (2).…”

Section: Model Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives

Hooper

2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…A two‐stroke gasoline DI ICE for BEVx is studied in Reference with goals low cost, compact dimensions, high specific power, good efficiency, low pollutant emission levels, excellent NVH behavior. Their single‐cylinder ICE is rated 30 kW at 4500 rpm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicles with small batteries and high‐efficiency on‐board electricity production

Boretti

2019

Energy Storage

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Data of plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), that includes both traditional hybrids electric vehicles (HEV) with the additional opportunity to recharge the battery by plugging into an electric outlet such as the Toyota Prius Prime, and battery electric vehicles (BEV) with range extender such as the BMW i3 REx, demonstrate the need of a less constrained research and development to optimize the design of electric vehicles with range extender for better energy economy and range. BEV with smaller, rather than larger, batteries, and onboard high‐efficiency electricity production, are superior economically and environmentally, until the times the electricity production will be overwhelming renewable, there will be a widespread recharging infrastructure, materials to produce the batteries will be abundant and ethically sourced, and the disposal of the batteries will be properly addressed. A hypothetical BMW i3 with a 30 Ah battery pack, and a high‐efficiency ICE, may have an MPGe (miles‐per‐gallon equivalent) working electric of 127 miles, a MPGe between 62 and 127 while sharing the energy supply, and a MPGe of 62 only using the gasoline energy supply.

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Design and experimental development of a compact and efficient range extender engine

et al. 2017

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The paper reviews the design and experimental development of an original range-extender single-cylinder two-stroke gasoline engine, rated at 30 kW (maximum engine speed: 4500 rpm). The goal of the project is to get most of the benefits of the two-stroke cycle (compactness, high power density, low cost), while addressing the typical issues affecting the conventional engines of this type. Among many recent similar propositions, the peculiarities of this engine, besides the cycle, are: external scavenging by means of an electric supercharger, piston controlled scavenge and exhaust ports (no poppet valves), gasoline direct injection (GDI), and a patented rotary valve for the optimization of the scavenging process, of the loop type. Lubrication is identical to a conventional four-stroke engine, and the rotary valve, connected to the crankshaft, helps to improve the balance of the piston reciprocating forces, yielding an excellent NVH behavior. It should be noted that, except the patented rotary valve, all the engine parts are standard automotive commercial components, that don’t require any specific expensive technology. In fact, the originality of the engine consists in the optimum combination of existing well assessed concepts.\ud \ud The scavenging and combustion systems of the engine are developed in the first phase of the project, including the construction and the experimental testing of a prototype. In the second phase, the air metering system of the prototype is completely modified: the piston pump is replaced by an electric supercharger, and engine load is now controlled by the supercharger speed, without throttle valve.\ud \ud The new engine is compared to a standard 4-stroke engine, developed in a previous project for the same application. The main advantages of the two-stroke engine may be summarized as follows: lower weight (−35%), higher brake efficiency (+6%, on average), less heat rejected (−18%), lower thermal and mechanical loads within the cylinder (−40%). The only concern, that will be addressed in a future phase of the study, is the compliance with very low NOx limits: in the worst scenario, the 2-stroke engine could be forced to adopt a well assessed but expensive after-treatment device

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Modeling and Experimental Investigation of a 2-Stroke GDI Engine for Range Extender Applications

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives

Investigation into a stepped-piston engine solution for automotive range-extender vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles to meet future green transportation objectives

Electric vehicles with small batteries and high‐efficiency on‐board electricity production

Design and experimental development of a compact and efficient range extender engine

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