“…A number of techniques for modeling and simulationdriven design of microwave structures have emerged over the recent years, including the methods that exploit artificial neural networks [8,[9][10][11][12], fuzzy systems [13], kriging [14], or multidimensional Cauchy approximation [15], as well as surrogate-based techniques such as space mapping (SM) [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]24], simulation-based tuning [25,26], and combination of both [27,28]. The last three approaches offer computationally efficient design optimization where, under certain circumstances, a satisfactory design can be obtained after a few high-fidelity (or fine) EM simulations of the structure of interest [16].…”