Modeling and Design of a Rear-Mounted Underwater Projector Using Equivalent Circuits

Kim, Jin-Wook; Roh, Yongrae

doi:10.3390/s20247085

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Diverse types of transducers, such as projectors and hydrophones, exist that are used in passive or active SONAR. Figure 5 shows the tonpilz-type transducer that was used as the projector for this paper, such as the designs and models that appear in [6][7][8][9][10], which are found in active SONAR systems since they generally work in a frequency range below 20 kHz. J. Mar.…”

Section: Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation Detection in a Tonpilz-Type Transducer for Active SONAR Transmission System

Villalobos

López

Vázquez

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The active sound navigation and ranging (SONAR) transmission system emits acoustic pulses underwater using a wave generator, a SONAR power amplifier (SPA), and a projector. The acoustic pulse travel in the direction of the target and return as an echo to a hydrophone to learn the range or speed of the object. Often the same device is used as a hydrophone and a projector; in this context, it is known as a transducer. In order to obtain a maximum range of detection in the SONAR, it is desirable to generate the maximum amount of acoustic power until the point in which the echo can be detectable in an atmosphere with non-wished noise. Therefore, a high value of source level (SL) is required that depends largely on the value of electrical power applied to the transducer (Pe). However, when trying to obtain the maximum range of detection in the SONAR system there are the following three peculiar limitations that affect performance: The cavitation, the reverberation, and the effect of interaction in the near field. In this paper, an experimental measurement methodology is presented to detect the cavitation effects in a tonpilz-type transducer for an active SONAR transmission system using a transducer as a projector and a calibrated hydrophone in a hydroacoustic tank by measuring the parameters of total harmonic distortion of the fundamental waveform (THD-F) of the generated acoustic pulse, transmitting voltage response (TVR) to characterize the system and sound pressure level (SPL) that indicates the intensity of sound at a given distance. Whereas the reverberation and the interaction effect in the near field are objects of other study cases. A 570.21 W and THD-F < 5% switched-mode power amplifier (SMPA) prototype was developed to excite the electroacoustic transducer employing a full-bridge inverter (FBI) topology and a digital controller using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for unipolar sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) to generate a continuous wave (CW) acoustic pulse at a frequency 11.6 kHz. The results obtained show that from the level of Pe=196.05 W with the transducer at 1 m of depth, the value of THD-F increases significantly while the behavior of the TVR and SPL parameters is affected since it is not as expected and is attributed when cavitation occurs.

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Section: Transducermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation Detection in a Tonpilz-Type Transducer for Active SONAR Transmission System

Villalobos

López

Vázquez

et al. 2023

JMSE

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show abstract

“…The acoustic radiation resistance is related to the radiation area and medium of a transducer. There are two methods to find the ratio between the two resistors; one is calculated from the measured impedance of a transducer in both air and water [26], another is from the side of transducer design parameters [27]. Here, separating M and Mr was not considered because they do not significantly affect the calculation of the acoustic radiation efficiency.…”

Section: Basic Circuit Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Estimation Method of an Electrical Equivalent Circuit Considering Acoustic Radiation Efficiency for a Multiple Resonant Transducer

Lee

Baek

et al. 2021

Electronics

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The electrical equivalent model of an underwater acoustic transducer must be exactly defined in the operating frequency band to improve the driving efficiency between a sonar transmitter and a transducer. This paper used the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm to estimate electrical equivalent circuit parameters of a transducer that has multiple resonant modes. The proposed method used a new fitness function to minimize the estimation error between the measured impedance of the transducer and the estimated impedance. The difference to the previous method is that the proposed method considered interference effects of the adjacent resonant modes. Additionally, this paper analyzed the effective power and separated the mechanical and acoustical resistance by considering the acoustic radiation efficiency of the transducer. As a result, the proposed method estimated all parameters at the resonance points which are influenced by the adjacent resonant modes.

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Design of wideband tonpilz transducers for underwater SONAR applications with finite element model

et al. 2021

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Modeling and Design of a Rear-Mounted Underwater Projector Using Equivalent Circuits

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Cavitation Detection in a Tonpilz-Type Transducer for Active SONAR Transmission System

Cavitation Detection in a Tonpilz-Type Transducer for Active SONAR Transmission System

An Estimation Method of an Electrical Equivalent Circuit Considering Acoustic Radiation Efficiency for a Multiple Resonant Transducer

Design of wideband tonpilz transducers for underwater SONAR applications with finite element model

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