Modeling and cost analysis of zone-based registration in mobile cellular networks

Abstract

This study considers zone‐based registration (ZBR), which is adopted by most mobile cellular networks. In ZBR, a user equipment (UE) registers its location area (or zone) in a network database (DB) whenever it enters a new zone. Even though ZBR is implemented in most networks for a UE to keep only one zone (1ZR), it is also possible for a UE to keep multiple zones. Therefore, a ZBR with two zones (2ZR) is investigated, and some mathematical models for 2ZR are presented. With respect to ZBR with three zones (3ZR), several studies have been reported, but these employed computer simulations owing to the complexity of the cases, and there have been no reports on a mathematical 3ZR model to analyze its performance. In this study, we propose a new mathematical model for 3ZR for the first time, and analyze the performance of 3ZR using this model. The numerical results for various scenarios show that, as the UE frequently enters zones, the proposed 3ZR model outperforms 1ZR and 2ZR. Our results help determine the optimal number of zones that a UE keeps, and minimize the signaling cost for radio channels in mobile cellular networks.

Optimal TAL-based registration with cell-based central policy in mobile cellular networks: a semi-Markov process approach

“…Referring to the system requirements [1], if the UE successfully sends a Page Response Message or an Origination Message, the cell can know the UE's location. This is known as implicit registration (IR) [1,6,14]. If a call from or to the UE occurs, the network can identify the UE's cell by the Page Response Message or the Origination Message, without registration messages.…”

“…In addition, some paging schemes for TAL-based mobility management Fig. 1 TA and TAL in the LTE network have been proposed [6,7], and research results on how to apply TAL-based registration to not only 4G, but also 5G, have recently been presented [8][9][10]. However, because of their complex procedure, these were difficult to implement.…”

“…References [6,7,11,12] presented a significant TAL allocation known as central policy. Under this policy, the TA in which the UE registers its location becomes the central TA of the new TAL.…”

“…Under this policy, the TA in which the UE registers its location becomes the central TA of the new TAL. This policy can lessen the possibility of the UE quickly exiting the new TAL [6,7,11,12]. This type of central policy is known as a TA-based central policy.…”

Analyzing Zone-Based Registration Using a Three Zone System: A Semi-Markov Process Approach

“…Many methods of registering location have been proposed, such as movement-based [3][4][5], timer-based [2], distance-based [2,[5][6][7], zone-based [1,2,[8][9][10][11][12] and tracking area list-based [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] registration. In particular, several studies on tracking area list-based registration and the corresponding performance improvement have been conducted in recent years [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] since current specifications do not provide any details on how to define tracking area lists and allocate them to UEs.…”