Modeling and Classification of Alluvial Fans with DEMs and Machine Learning Methods: A Case Study of Slovenian Torrential Fans

Abstract

Alluvial (torrential) fans, especially those created from debris-flow activity, often endanger built environments and human life. It is well known that these kinds of territories where human activities are favored are characterized by increasing instability and related hydrological risk; therefore, treating the problem of its assessment and management is becoming strongly relevant. The aim of this study was to analyze and model the geomorphological aspects and the physical processes of alluvial fans in relation to the environmental characteristics of the territory for classification and prediction purposes. The main geomorphometric parameters capable of describing complex properties, such as relative fan position depending on the neighborhood, which can affect their formation or shape, or properties delineating specific parts of fans, were identified and evaluated through digital elevation model (DEM) data. Five machine learning (ML) methods, including a hybrid Euler graph ML method, were compared to analyze the geomorphometric parameters and physical characteristics of alluvial fans. The results obtained in 14 case studies of Slovenian torrential fans, validated with data of the empirical model proposed by Bertrand et al. (2013), confirm the validity of the developed method and the possibility to identify alluvial fans that can be considered as debris-flow prone.

Efficiency Optimization in Medium Power Wind Turbines: an Innovative Mechanical Pitch Control System

“…The work started by designing the conceptualization; subsequent sizing of an innovative gear transmission system to adjust the propellers pitch was designed. By using computational numerical methods, as developed, and described in detail in their recent work [17]- [19], the authors reproduced the virtual Finite Elements Model (FEM) of the gear transmission and analysed the different possible configurations of the system components. In particular, the Mesh-Morphing method was employed to perform the sizing of the linear translational actuator and the hydraulic piston.…”