“…Using the star tracker manufacturer's quoted performance estimate of 7.2 arc seconds and the inclinometer's x-and y-axis repeatability of 0.001° (3.6 arc seconds), which we've confirmed across multiple data sets, a 500-sample simulation was conducted and the covariance was predicted to have an error of 241 m, a notable under-prediction. We have confirmed that this error was not the result of our simplification of ˆ. FI C We are aware that our inclinometer calibration resolution was inadequate for a range of motion of ± 0.02° (Jovanovic & Enright, 2020), creating the potential for systemic errors in addition to measurement noise. Fine-scale surveys of our inclinometer calibration's residual space around measurement values of 0° revealed that unmitigated curvatures exist that could introduce up to 0.0005° of error over a ± 0.02° range of motion.…”
Section: Monte Carlo Validation Covariance Modelmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…Following the procedure described above, σ w was 527 m while σ b was 1.78 km (see Table 5). This level of error is expected based on the inclinometer validation described in Jovanovic and Enright (2020) in which pockets of the inclinometer's validation space had residuals in excess of 0.01° (equivalently 1 km on Earth's surface).…”
Section: Strapdown Mechanizationmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Our choice of model is based on Jovanovic and Enright (2020) in which the gravity vector in A is: Each subsensor defines a sensing plane with normals constructed according to:…”
Section: Inclinometer Measurement Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For a given test, T cal is the temperature at which the inclinometer is calibrated. The details of inclinometer calibration are discussed in Jovanovic and Enright (2020).…”
Section: Temperature Correctionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the strapdown articulation, our model predicted σ b of 1.58 km versus the experimental 1.78 km. In this case, we used the inclinometer wide-range root-mean-square error (RMSE) validation accuracy of 0.0038° (Jovanovic & Enright, 2020). The over-prediction of performance was likely due to a fine-scale systemic errors in our inclinometer which exceeded our validation resolution.…”
Section: Monte Carlo Validation Covariance Modelmentioning
Most planetary rover missions rely, at least in part, on dead reckoning to navigate. By their nature, these methods accumulate errors over time resulting in position estimate drift. On Mars, this has been mitigated using orbital landmark tracking to occasionally provide absolute state estimation by identifying and matching landmarks visible to both the rover and an orbiting satellite (Li et al., 2004(Li et al., , 2005(Li et al., , 2007. Star-based celestial navigation provides an alternative method for localization that does not require orbiting infrastructure or extensive image databases.The Mars Pathfinder missions used images of the Sun to measure heading (Eisenman et al., 2002) but instantaneous observations of the Sun are limited in their accuracy and the information they provide. In contrast, star trackers typically offer improved measurement accuracy and complete inertial attitude knowledge (Wertz et al., 2011). Inclinometers relate this attitude measurement to the local-horizontal frame permitting the direct calculation of sensor position (Enright et al., 2012). We refer to this particular system as a digital star sextant (DSS). This paper presents a suite of estimation equations based on a deterministic heading-independent forward measurement model for use with a DSS.
“…Using the star tracker manufacturer's quoted performance estimate of 7.2 arc seconds and the inclinometer's x-and y-axis repeatability of 0.001° (3.6 arc seconds), which we've confirmed across multiple data sets, a 500-sample simulation was conducted and the covariance was predicted to have an error of 241 m, a notable under-prediction. We have confirmed that this error was not the result of our simplification of ˆ. FI C We are aware that our inclinometer calibration resolution was inadequate for a range of motion of ± 0.02° (Jovanovic & Enright, 2020), creating the potential for systemic errors in addition to measurement noise. Fine-scale surveys of our inclinometer calibration's residual space around measurement values of 0° revealed that unmitigated curvatures exist that could introduce up to 0.0005° of error over a ± 0.02° range of motion.…”
Section: Monte Carlo Validation Covariance Modelmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…Following the procedure described above, σ w was 527 m while σ b was 1.78 km (see Table 5). This level of error is expected based on the inclinometer validation described in Jovanovic and Enright (2020) in which pockets of the inclinometer's validation space had residuals in excess of 0.01° (equivalently 1 km on Earth's surface).…”
Section: Strapdown Mechanizationmentioning
confidence: 73%
“…Our choice of model is based on Jovanovic and Enright (2020) in which the gravity vector in A is: Each subsensor defines a sensing plane with normals constructed according to:…”
Section: Inclinometer Measurement Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For a given test, T cal is the temperature at which the inclinometer is calibrated. The details of inclinometer calibration are discussed in Jovanovic and Enright (2020).…”
Section: Temperature Correctionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the strapdown articulation, our model predicted σ b of 1.58 km versus the experimental 1.78 km. In this case, we used the inclinometer wide-range root-mean-square error (RMSE) validation accuracy of 0.0038° (Jovanovic & Enright, 2020). The over-prediction of performance was likely due to a fine-scale systemic errors in our inclinometer which exceeded our validation resolution.…”
Section: Monte Carlo Validation Covariance Modelmentioning
Most planetary rover missions rely, at least in part, on dead reckoning to navigate. By their nature, these methods accumulate errors over time resulting in position estimate drift. On Mars, this has been mitigated using orbital landmark tracking to occasionally provide absolute state estimation by identifying and matching landmarks visible to both the rover and an orbiting satellite (Li et al., 2004(Li et al., , 2005(Li et al., , 2007. Star-based celestial navigation provides an alternative method for localization that does not require orbiting infrastructure or extensive image databases.The Mars Pathfinder missions used images of the Sun to measure heading (Eisenman et al., 2002) but instantaneous observations of the Sun are limited in their accuracy and the information they provide. In contrast, star trackers typically offer improved measurement accuracy and complete inertial attitude knowledge (Wertz et al., 2011). Inclinometers relate this attitude measurement to the local-horizontal frame permitting the direct calculation of sensor position (Enright et al., 2012). We refer to this particular system as a digital star sextant (DSS). This paper presents a suite of estimation equations based on a deterministic heading-independent forward measurement model for use with a DSS.
The slope difference between the two surfaces is a physical magnitude that needs to be measured in areas such as physical therapy diagnoses, construction, machinery, geology, geophysics, sports sciences, orthopedics. One of the devices used to measure the inclination difference is the wireless inclinometer. The wireless inclinometer allows you to find the slope of a surface relative to the ground. Inclinometers are widely used as a biomedical device, especially in the field of physical therapy. The wireless inclinometer devices used in this area are imported products and their prices are very high compared to their costs. In this study, an electronic device prototype was produced that can wirelessly measure the inclination difference of an object according to its gravity reference, show the measurement on the screen as an angle value, and record it. To verify the data obtained through the device, the calibration of the inclinometer is carried out with the inclinometer device with an accuracy of 0.001 degrees used in the Geomatics Engineering. In this study; by making measurements on the designed wooden human model, the measurements found by the image processing method were compared with the measurements of the wireless inclinometer device. The smallest angle difference between the angle measured by the device and the angle measured by the image processing method was found to be 0.013 degrees. In this study, it is aimed to develop a cost-effective domestic design and production device with superior features of the designed inclinometers.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.