Modeling and analysis of the effect of substrate on the flexible piezoelectric films for kinetic energy harvesting from textiles

Abstract

In the last few years, a lot of research focused on increasing of smart textiles products such as woven and knitted structures, which are able to show significant change in their mechanical properties (such as shape and stiffness), in a practical way in response to the stimuli. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a flexible piezoelectric film stuck onto three woven textile matrices: cotton, polyester/cotton, and Kermel, for harvesting mechanical energy from the textile and converting it into electrical energy. At first, a brief introduction of energy harvesting using the piezoelectric material and smart textile is presented. Furthermore, a basic model showing the operation of polyvinylidene fluoride with 33 mode is established. The second part is focused on standard approach model of energy harvesting based on resistive load and freestanding piezo-polymer for the examination of the performance of 33-mode polyvinylidene fluoride energy harvester and the prediction of harvested energy quantity. A power analytical model generated by a smart structure type polyvinylidene fluoride that can be stuck onto fabrics and flexible substrates is investigated. On the other hand, the effects of various substrates and the sticking of these substrates on the piezoelectric material are reported. Additionally, the output power density of this theoretical model of woven textile matrices could reach a value that was seven times higher than freestanding piezo-polymer. Three types of the substrates have been compared as function of excitation frequency and the compressive applied force.

β‐Polymorph enhancement in poly(vinylidene fluoride) by blending with polyamide 6 and barium titanate nanoparticles

“…[43] However, the melting temperatures of theβ andαphase PVDF are similar at 167-172 C, so DSC is used to calculate the total degree of crystallinity (X c %), but not to distinguish these crystalline phases. [44] Consequently, the integrated areas under the curves were examined to calculate the X c % (Equation (5)), where ΔH m is the measured melting enthalpy and ΔH m is the melting enthalpy of the 100% crystalline polymers; 104.6 J/g for PVDF [6] and 188 J/g for PA6. [42]…”

“…[3,4] Piezoelectric energy harvesting devices using PVDF films were also reported recently. [5][6][7] PVDF as a semi-crystalline material exhibits five crystalline phases (α, β, γ, δ, and ε) with α and β crystals being the most common polymorphs. The α phase with TGTG 0 (trans-gauche) conformation is the most dominant form owing to its thermodynamically stable nature, while the β phase with TTTT (all trans) conformation is the most technologically desirable polymorph due to its electroactive properties.…”

Improvement of the electroactiveβ-phase nucleation and piezoelectric properties of PVDF-HFP thin films influenced by TiO2 nanoparticles

“…With this property, a piezoelectric material can be capitalized as an electromechanical energy converter. Some polymers have strong piezoelectric effects when subjected to mechanical stretching or external excitation [8][9][10]. Thus, piezoelectric polymers can be adopted as a generator material for energy harvesting devices as well as actuators [11][12][13], and received great attention from researchers for this reason.…”

“…Very recently, researchers have been focused on the doping of semiconducting fillers (e.g., ZnO and MoS 2 ) and a number of reports have also demonstrated that the addition of external nucleating agents can induce the b-phase and improve its content of PVDF-HFP nanocomposite obtained by solution casting technique. It is also noticed that TiO 2 is a wide indirect band gap semiconductor that exhibits prominent thermal and chemical stability, high photo conversion efficiency, or photo stability and most importantly it can be used as nucleating agent for PVDF-HFP to produce high performance nanocomposites materials and make them more suitable for energy harvesting and storage application [20,10,13].…”

Flexible Smart Textile Coated by PVDF/Graphene Oxide With Excellent Energy Harvesting Toward a Novel Class of Self-Powered Sensors: Fabrication, Characterization and Measurements

“…In addition, these materials are classified into two categories: (I) the first includes those which modify one or more of their properties in direct reaction to a stimulus and (ii) the second class includes those which reversibly convert the energy of 'a source of energy in other forms of output energy. For example, active smart textiles with shape memory, chameleonic ..., etc [30][31][32].…”