Modeling and Analysis of Cushioning Performance for Multi-layered Corrugated Structures

Abstract

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop cushion curves models and analyze the cushioning performance of multi-layered corrugated structures (MLCS) using a method based on dynamic stress-energy relationship. Methods: Cushion tests were performed for developing cushion curve models under 12 combinations of test conditions: three different combinations of drop height, material thickness, and static stress for each of four levels of energy densities between 15 and 60 kJ/m 3 . Results: Dynamic stress and energy density for MLCS followed an exponential relationship. Cushion curve models were developed as a function of drop height, material thickness, and static stress for different paperboards and flute types. Generally, the differences between the shock pulse (transmitted peak acceleration) and cushion curve (position and width of belly portion) for the first drop and the averaged second to fifth drop were greater than those for polymer-based cushioning materials. Accordingly, the loss of cushioning performance of MLCS was estimated to be greater than that of polymer-based cushioning materials with the increasing number of drops. The position of the belly of the cushion curve of MLCS tends to shift upward to the left with increasing drop height, and the belly portion became narrower. However, depending on material thickness, under identical conditions, the cushion curve of MLCS showed an opposite tendency. Conclusions:The results of this study can be useful for environment-friendly and optimal packaging design as shock and vibrations are the key factors in cushioning packaging design.

Dynamic compressive response of 3D GFRP composites with shear thickening fluid (STF) matrix as cushioning materials

“…8 The energy-absorbing structures like cushioning materials are capable to provide an effective cushioning for protected objects and have been widely used in shoe cushioning, bicycle and motorcycle helmets, package designing to improve the protection of fragile goods during distribution and the design of impact protective clothing, because of their remarkable ability to provide load-reduction and effective energy absorption. 8–17 Efficient solutions to improve the impact resistance of structures have been illustrated by placing cushioning layers. 18 Three dimensional (3 D) woven fabrics provide better reinforcement through the thickness direction of composite structures than 2 D fabrics due to their high inter-laminar strength and structural integrity, and more recently, the investigation of 3 D fabrics as reinforcement for composites draws increasing attention in the composites community.…”