Modeling and allometric scaling of s(+)‐ketoprofen pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a retrospective analysis

Lepist, Eve Irene; Jusko, William J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00579.x

Cited by 37 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Little is known about allometric relationships in PD. Few studies have reported allometric scaling of PD-related parameters via modeling approaches (Gronert et al, 1995;Lepist and Jusko, 2004). As expected, the pharmacologic parameters of rHuEPO (S max and SC 50 ) did not follow allometric principles but may be more related to other factors such as receptor density and/or structural homology of EPO or erythropoietin receptor between species.…”

Section: Pkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecies Comparisons of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

Woo¹,

Jusko²

2007

Drug Metab Dispos

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ABSTRACT:Erythropoietin (EPO) has a highly conserved structure among mammals, and thus recombinant human EPO (rHuEPO) has biological activity in various species. This study explores the interspecies relationships of the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of rHuEPO. The PK parameters such as clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V ss ) after i.v. doses of rHuEPO were obtained in several species via noncompartmental analysis and were assessed using the traditional allometric approach. c. bioavailability increased with dose in monkeys and humans but appeared to be dose-independent in rats. A correlation between S max or SC 50 and body weight was not obvious. However, RBC lifespans obeyed allometric principles. Size dependence was found for PK and lifespan parameters, whereas pharmacologic parameters were independent of body weight.Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been widely used clinically for treatment of anemia associated with chronic renal failure and chemotherapy. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the primary hormone of erythropoiesis and mainly synthesized in the kidney in response to hypoxia. On binding to its receptor on progenitor cells in the bone marrow, EPO stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythroid cells, leading to an increase in reticulocytes followed by increases in red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood.EPO is a glycosylated protein with molecular mass of 30.4 kDa. Amino acid sequences in the coding region of mature EPO protein show a high degree of homology among mammals. The human EPO sequence is 91% homologous to monkey EPO, 85% to cat and dog EPO, and 80 to 82% to sheep, pig, mouse, and rat EPO (Wen et al

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Section: Pkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These offer the opportunity to assess both pharmacologic (capacity, sensitivity) factors and systemic variables (biochemical, physiological). The former are likely to exhibit genetic differences, whereas the latter are more apt to obey allometric principles (Lepist and Jusko, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecies Comparisons of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

Woo¹,

Jusko²

2007

Drug Metab Dispos

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“…In particular, drug metabolism is an area where methods based on allometric scaling principles have become a basis for the scaling preclinical of pharmacokinetic (PK) models to predict the time course of drug concentrations in man (4,5). It has been hypothesized (6)(7)(8) that similar methods may also be used to scale integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models between species to predict time course of drug effects in man. However, currently there is very limited evidence that this is indeed the case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

et al. 2007

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Purpose. The aim of the present study was to assess whether two widely used biomarkers for 5-HT 1A -receptor mediated responses in the rat (hypothermia and corticosterone increase) could be scaled to man using allometric principles. Materials and Methods. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models were developed and characterized in rats for the standard 5-HT 1A -receptor agonists, buspirone and flesinoxan. Allometric scaling was investigated on the basis of simulation taking into account the inter-individual variability and clinical study design. The model-predicted effects of both flesinoxan and buspirone were compared to those published in the literature. Results. The main finding of this analysis was that for both hypothermia and cortisol increase, the model could predict the extent of the pharmacological response in man adequately. For the hypothermic response, the time course of the response was also predicted with a high degree of accuracy. In contrast, in the case of the cortisol response, the observed time lag was, despite the fact that it fell within the model uncertainty, not predicted. Conclusions. Based on these analyses, it is concluded that allometrically scaled mechanism based PK-PD models are promising as a means of predicting the pharmacodynamic responses in man. This approach provides for a novel way of interpreting and scaling pre-clinical pharmacological responses and ultimately facilitates the understanding and prediction of pharmacological responses in man.

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“…This indicates that PGE 2 can be used as a specific biomarker to explain and understand the variability in the therapeutic of these drugs [12] . Recently, efforts have been made to establish the relationship between biomarkers, pain measurement and safety [13][14][15][16] . However, information on the integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profiles of these drugs under normal and chronic inflammatory conditions is still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of diclofenac in normal and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To characterize pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of diclofenac in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic rats using prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) as a biomarker. Methods: The pharmacokinetics of diclofenac was investigated using 20-day-old arthritic rats. PGE 2 level in the rats was measured using an enzyme immunoassay. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model was developed to illustrate the relationship between the plasma concentration of diclofenac and the inhibition of PGE 2 production. The inhibition of diclofenac on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE 2 production in blood cells was investigated in vitro. Results: Similar pharmacokinetic behavior of diclofenac was found both in normal and FCA-induced arthritic rats. Diclofenac significantly decreased the plasma levels of PGE 2 in both normal and arthritic rats. The inhibitory effect on PGE 2 levels in the plasma was in proportion to the plasma concentration of diclofenac. No delay in the onset of inhibition was observed, suggesting that the effect compartment was located in the central compartment. An inhibitory effect sigmoid I max model was selected to characterize the relationship between the plasma concentration of diclofenac and the inhibition of PGE 2 production in vivo. The I max model was also used to illustrate the inhibition of diclofenac on LPS-induced PGE 2 production in blood cells in vitro. Conclusion: Arthritis induced by FCA does not alter the pharmacokinetic behaviors of diclofenac in rats, but the pharmacodynamics of diclofenac is slightly affected. A PK-PD model characterizing an inhibitory effect sigmoid I max can be used to fit the relationship between the plasma PGE 2 and diclofenac levels in both normal rats and FCA-induced arthritic rats.

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Modeling and allometric scaling of s(+)‐ketoprofen pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: a retrospective analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Interspecies Comparisons of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

Interspecies Comparisons of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin

Allometric Scaling of Pharmacodynamic Responses: Application to 5-Ht1A Receptor Mediated Responses from Rat to Man

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of diclofenac in normal and Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritic rats

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