Modeled interaction between the subseasonal evolving of the East Asian summer monsoon and the direct effect of anthropogenic sulfate

Zhang, Yang; Huang, Anning; Jiang, Jing; La, Mengke

doi:10.1002/2013jd020612

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…RegCM4 has been proven to essentially capture East Asian climate features and surface BC variations in China (Wang et al 2010;Sun et al 2012;Zhou et al 2014;Yin et al 2015;Li et al 2016c;Zhuang et al 2018b). For detailed discussions on the validations in RegCM4 in East Asia, please refer to Zhuang et al (2018b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) mostly induce variations in the thermodynamic fields of the atmosphere and precipitation, which may further affect air quality (Zhu et al 2012) and lead to meteorological disasters (such as floods and droughts) (Ding and Chan 2005;Wang et al 2008). In addition to natural factors (Sun et al 2012), anthropogenic aerosols also have influenced the regional climate in East Asia to some extent (Guo et al 2013;Zhou et al 2014;Song et al 2014;Wang et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The direct effects of black carbon aerosols from different source sectors in East Asia in summer

Zhuang

Chen

et al. 2019

Clim Dyn

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Black carbon (BC) aerosol is a significant, short-lived climate forcing agent. To further understand the effects of BCs on the regional climate, the warming effects of BCs from residential, industrial, power and transportation emissions are investigated in Asian regions during summer using the state-of-the-art regional climate model RegCM4. BC emissions from these four sectors have very different rates and variations. Residential and industrial BCs account for approximately 85% of total BC emissions, while power BCs account for only approximately 0.19% in Asian regions during summer. An investigation suggests that both the BC aerosol optical depth (AOD) and direct radiative forcing (DRF) are highly dependent on emissions, while the climate effects show substantial nonlinearity to emissions. The total BCs AOD and clear-sky top of the atmosphere DRF averaged over East Asia (100-130°E, 20-50°N) are 0.02 and + 1.34 W/m 2 , respectively, during summer. Each sector's BC emissions may result in a warming effect over the region, leading to an enhanced summer monsoon circulation and a subsequent local decrease (e.g., northeast China) or increase (e.g., south China) in rainfall in China and its surrounding regions. The near surface air temperature increased by 0.2 K, and the precipitation decreased by approximately 0.01 mm/day in east China due to the total BC emissions. The regional responses to the BC warming effects are highly nonlinear to the emissions, which may be linked to the influences of the perturbed atmospheric circulations and climate feedback. The nonuniformity of the spatial distribution of BC emissions may also have significant influences on climate responses, especially in south and east China. The results of this study could aid us in better understanding BC effects under different emission conditions and provide a scientific reference for developing a better BC reduction strategy over Asian regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The direct effects of black carbon aerosols from different source sectors in East Asia in summer

Zhuang

Chen

et al. 2019

Clim Dyn

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“…[], and Zhou et al . [] reported that RegCM could basically capture the features (including temperatures, wind fields, and precipitations) of the regional climate over East Asia. And Sun et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its domain covers the region from eastern China to southern Japan between the latitudes of 20 and 45°N [ Wang and Lin , ]. EASM could be affected by both the natural forcing (e.g., Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST), Eurasia's snow cover, Tibetan Plateau warming, and the internal variability of the atmospheric circulation) [ Ding and Chan , ; Wang et al ., ] and human activities (aerosols) [ Guo et al ., ; Zhou et al ., ; Song et al ., ] in different extent. And changes in EASM always cause the variations of rainfall, horizontal wind field, and atmospheric circulation, resulting in regional floods or drought [ Ding and Chan , ; Wang et al ., ] and redistributions of the air pollutants [ Zhu et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and the East Asian summer monsoon using RegCCMS

Wang

Zhuang

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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An online coupled regional climate-chemistry model called RegCCMS is used to investigate the interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) over East Asia. The simulation results show that the mean aerosol loading and optical depth over the region are 17.87 mg/m 2 and 0.25, respectively. Sulfate and black carbon (BC) account for approximately 61.2% and 7.8% of the total aerosols, respectively. The regional mean radiative forcing (RF) is approximately À3.64, À0.55, and +0.88 W/m 2 at the top of the atmosphere for the total aerosol effect, the total aerosol direct effect, and the BC direct effect, respectively. The surface direct RF of BC accounts for approximately 31% of the total RF of all aerosols. Because of the total aerosol effect, both the energy budgets and air temperature are considerably reduced in the region with high aerosol loadings, leading to decreases in the land-ocean air temperature gradient in summer. The total column-absorbed solar radiation and surface air temperature decrease by 8.4 W/m 2 and 0.31 K,respectively. This cooling effect weakens horizontal and vertical atmospheric circulations over East Asia.The wind speed at 850 hPa decreases by 0.18 m/s, and the precipitation decreases by 0.29 mm/d. The small responses of solar radiation, air temperature, and atmospheric circulations to the BC warming effect are opposite to those of the total aerosol effect. The BC-induced enhancement of atmospheric circulation can increase local floods in south China, while droughts in north China may worsen in response to the BC semidirect effect. The total aerosol effect is much more significant than the BC direct effect. The East Asian summer monsoon becomes weaker due to the total aerosol effect. However, this weakness could be partially offset by the BC warming effect. Sensitivity analyses further indicate that the influence of aerosols on the EASM might be more substantial in years when the southerlies or southwesterlies at 850 hPa are weak compared with years when the winds are strong. Changes in the EASM can induce variations in the distribution and magnitude of aerosols. Aerosols in the lower troposphere over the region can increase by 3.07 and 1.04 μg/m 3 due to the total aerosol effect and the BC warming effect, respectively.

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“…The direct effects (DE) of aerosols imply the mechanism through which the aerosols directly affect the atmosphere, involving scattering and absorbing solar radiation, thereby altering the radiative balance of the Earthatmosphere system. Sulfate aerosols scatter and reflect the incident shortwave radiation and thus reduce the amount of shortwave radiation reaching the surface (also called "solar dimming"), decrease surface air temperature, suppress monsoon circulation, and decrease the amount of precipitation over South and East Asia [Xu, 2001;Gu et al, 2006;Huang et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2007;Liu et al, 2009;Cowan and Cai, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Jiang et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the direct effects of sulfate and black carbon aerosols on the subseasonal march of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon

et al. 2016

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Aerosol emissions have rapidly increased in East Asia since the late 1970s. During the same period, the East Asian summer monsoon has shown a weakening trend. In this work, the direct effects (DE) of sulfate and black carbon (BC) aerosols on the subseasonal (pentad mean) march of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon (EASSM) are investigated using an interactive global climate‐chemistry model. The simulation results suggest that the DE of sulfate aerosols have a notable effect on the cooling of the low troposphere across the continent in spring and autumn, hence, changing the time of the seasonal transition of the zonal land‐sea thermal contrast (ZTC). The DE of BC result in cooling of the low troposphere and heating of the middle troposphere, leading to a different impact than that caused by sulfates. The cooling of the surface and troposphere by sulfates leads to a delay in the warming of East Asian continent in spring and the EASSM onset time; it also accelerates the process of the continent turning colder and advances the retreat of the EASSM. The deeper heating in the middle‐upper troposphere than the cooling in the low troposphere due to the DE of BC or the combination of both lead to an advance in the onset time of the monsoon caused by the continent turning warmer earlier in spring. In autumn, the same cooling effect by sulfates leads to the continent turning colder earlier, resulting in an advance in the retreat time.

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Modeled interaction between the subseasonal evolving of the East Asian summer monsoon and the direct effect of anthropogenic sulfate

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

The direct effects of black carbon aerosols from different source sectors in East Asia in summer

The direct effects of black carbon aerosols from different source sectors in East Asia in summer

The interactions between anthropogenic aerosols and the East Asian summer monsoon using RegCCMS

The impact of the direct effects of sulfate and black carbon aerosols on the subseasonal march of the East Asian subtropical summer monsoon

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