Model System of Self-Reproducing Vesicles

Sakuma, Yuka; Imai, Masayuki

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.198101

Cited by 52 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Precise strengths and direction of the imposed osmotic gradient and details of membrane chemical composition determine the types of deformations that ensue. Previously, comparable membrane deformations have been reported in GUVs by utilizing temperature as sources of external perturbations (Veatch and Keller, 2003a, 2005a,b; Veatch et al, 2006; Sakuma and Imai, 2011) or pH (Khalifat et al, 2008). It has also been shown that similar deformations can also be achieved by altering the membrane composition by incorporation of curvature-inducing sterols (Bacia et al, 2005) or selective solubilization using detergent interactions (Staneva et al, 2005; Muddana et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Osmotic Gradients Induce Bio-Reminiscent Morphological Transformations in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Oglęcka¹,

Sanborn²,

Parikh³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

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We report observations of large-scale, in-plane and out-of-plane membrane deformations in giant uni- and multilamellar vesicles composed of binary and ternary lipid mixtures in the presence of net transvesicular osmotic gradients. The lipid mixtures we examined consisted of binary mixtures of DOPC and DPPC lipids and ternary mixtures comprising POPC, sphingomyelin and cholesterol over a range of compositions – both of which produce co-existing phases for selected ranges of compositions at room temperature under thermodynamic equilibrium. In the presence of net osmotic gradients, we find that the in-plane phase separation potential of these mixtures is non-trivially altered and a variety of out-of-plane morphological remodeling events occur. The repertoire of membrane deformations we observe display striking resemblance to their biological counterparts in live cells encompassing vesiculation, membrane fission and fusion, tubulation and pearling, as well as expulsion of entrapped vesicles from multicompartmental giant unilamellar vesicles through large, self-healing transient pores. These observations suggest that the forces introduced by simple osmotic gradients across membrane boundaries could act as a trigger for shape-dependent membrane and vesicle trafficking activities. We speculate that such coupling of osmotic gradients with membrane properties might have provided lipid-mediated mechanisms to compensate for osmotic stress during the early evolution of membrane compartmentalization in the absence of osmoregulatory protein machinery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Osmotic Gradients Induce Bio-Reminiscent Morphological Transformations in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Oglęcka¹,

Sanborn²,

Parikh³

et al. 2012

Front. Physio.

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“…The order parameter P is calculated from the magnitude of the sample-averaged velocity orientations, see Eq. (13). Close to the transition, spatial inhomogeneities are usually observed in the form of density bands that travel perpendicularly to their elongation direction through a diluted disordered background (top right inset).…”

Section: Point-like Self-propelled Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surfactant molecules combine two antagonistic features on one building block: their head is usually hydrophilic, whereas their tail(s) is (are) mostly hydrophobic [9]. This leads, for instance, to the formation of closed bilayer membranes in the form of vesicles [10], with giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as an extreme example (in reality, unlike the schematic, the layer thickness is orders of magnitude smaller than the radius) [11][12][13]. Polymers [3,14] in the simplest case can be treated as flexible linear chain-like objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuned, driven, and active soft matter

2015

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One characteristic feature of soft matter systems is their strong response to external stimuli. As a consequence they are comparatively easily driven out of their ground state and out of equilibrium, which leads to many of their fascinating properties. Here, we review illustrative examples. This review is structured by an increasing distance from the equilibrium ground state. On each level, examples of increasing degree of complexity are considered. In detail, we first consider systems that are quasi-statically tuned or switched to a new state by applying external fields. These are common liquid crystals, liquid crystalline elastomers, or ferrogels and magnetic elastomers. Next, we concentrate on systems steadily driven from outside e.g. by an imposed flow field. In our case, we review the reaction of nematic liquid crystals, of bulk-filling periodically modulated structures such as block copolymers, and of localized vesicular objects to an imposed shear flow. Finally, we focus on systems that are "active" and "self-driven". Here our range spans from idealized self-propelled point particles, via sterically interacting particles like granular hoppers, via microswimmers such as self-phoretically driven artificial Janus particles or biological microorganisms, via deformable self-propelled particles like droplets, up to the collective behavior of insects, fish, and birds. As we emphasize, similarities emerge in the features and behavior of systems that at first glance may not necessarily appear related. We thus hope that our overview will further stimulate the search for basic unifying principles underlying the physics of these soft materials out of their equilibrium ground state.Comment: 84 pages, 30 figure

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“…These buds were pinched off of the mother vesicles by subsequent cooling below the transition temperature (Leirer et al 2009). By contrast, for DPPC vesicles with a low fraction of 1,2-dilauroyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DLPE), a heating-cooling cycle across the transition temperature induced only outerbud formation and abscission (Sakuma and Imai 2011). For high DLPE fractions, a similar temperature cycle resulted in the formation of inward buds that were ejaculated by 'birthing' out of the mother vesicle due to inner pressure buildup that resulted in the formation of transient pores in the mother vesicle membrane (see Fig.…”

Section: Division Processes Based On Physical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divided we stand: splitting synthetic cells for their proliferation

Caspi

Dekker

2014

Syst Synth Biol

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With the recent dawn of synthetic biology, the old idea of man-made artificial life has gained renewed interest. In the context of a bottom-up approach, this entails the de novo construction of synthetic cells that can autonomously sustain themselves and proliferate. Reproduction of a synthetic cell involves the synthesis of its inner content, replication of its information module, and growth and division of its shell. Theoretical and experimental analysis of natural cells shows that, whereas the core synthesis machinery of the information module is highly conserved, a wide range of solutions have been realized in order to accomplish division. It is therefore to be expected that there are multiple ways to engineer division of synthetic cells. Here we survey the field and review potential routes that can be explored to accomplish the division of bottom-up designed synthetic cells. We cover a range of complexities from simple abiotic mechanisms involving splitting of lipid-membrane-encapsulated vesicles due to physical or chemical principles, to potential division mechanisms of synthetic cells that are based on prokaryotic division machineries.

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Model System of Self-Reproducing Vesicles

Cited by 52 publications

References 28 publications

Osmotic Gradients Induce Bio-Reminiscent Morphological Transformations in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Osmotic Gradients Induce Bio-Reminiscent Morphological Transformations in Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Tuned, driven, and active soft matter

Divided we stand: splitting synthetic cells for their proliferation

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