Model study on present and future eutrophication and nitrogen fixation in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea

Lessin, Gennadi; Raudsepp, Urmas; Maljutenko, Ilja; Laanemets, Jaan; Passenko, Jelena; Jaanus, Andres

doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2013.08.006

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration will lead to a decrease in pH (Omstedt et al, 2012), while eutrophication and enhanced biological production would enhance the seasonal cycle of pH. Eutrophication in the Gulf of Finland is projected to increase assuming a "business-as-usual" (BAU) nutrient load scenario (Lessin et al, 2014). This scenario is characterized by decreasing bottom oxygen concentrations, more frequent anoxic conditions, and increasing phosphate and decreasing nitrate concentrations below 60 m depth.…”

Section: Changes In Biogeochemical Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two approaches have been reported in the literature to overcome this problem: (1) Prolonged spin up runs applying repeated forcing according to present day climate (e.g., Meier, 2007;Lessin et al, 2014), or (2) starting the simulation long before the time period of interest using reconstructed forcing data (e.g., Gustafsson et al, 2012;Meier et al, 2018a,b,c).…”

Section: Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2019

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Section: Changes In Biogeochemical Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea

et al. 2019

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“…ERGOM was developed for modeling biogeochemical processes in the Baltic Sea (Neumann, 2000;Neumann et al, 2002). It has been used in several studies focusing on the Baltic Sea in the past 15 years (e.g., Kuznetsov et al, 2008;Lessin et al, 2014;Miladinova and Stips, 2010;Neumann et al, 2015;Radtke et al, 2012;Neumann and Schernewski, 2005;Schernewski and Neumann, 2005).…”

Section: Biogeochemical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen inputs into marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Baltic Sea – part A: validation and time scales of nutrient accumulation

Neumann

Karl

Radtke

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are impacted by several anthropogenic activities, which put pressure onto the marine ecosystem. One of these pressures is the input of nitrogen compounds, which act as nutrients for phytoplankton growth and induce eutrophication. Atmospheric deposition is a relevant contributor to the marine nitrogen budget, making up 20% to 40% of the nitrogen input of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. But the concentrations of dissolved and particulate nitrogen in the sea are not only determined by the input, but also by the residence time of nitrogen in the system before it is removed by biogeochemical processes or physical advection. Our study aims to estimate the contribution of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the nitrogen pools of North Sea and Baltic Sea. The contribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition to dissolved inorganic nitrogen and to particulate organic nitrogen in the surface water was evaluated for both Seas in this study showing the relevance of deposition. Both seas differ significantly with respect to the residence time of water and nutrients. Hence, both water bodies were compared with respect to the accumulation of atmospheric nitrogen. Model simulations with the coupled physical biogeochemical model HBM-ERGOM were performed for this purpose. The fate of atmospheric nitrogen deposition was traced in the marine ecosystem. The model-predicted relevant nutrient concentrations in the surface layer compared well to measurements. Nutrient and oxygen concentrations in deep parts of the Baltic Sea were not properly reproduced but did not impact the simulation quality of surface layer concentrations. The denitrification in the Wadden Sea was underestimated by the model. Tagged dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) with nitrogen from atmospheric deposition reaches a steady-state in the southern North Sea after two years of simulation. This is consistent with the published residence time of nutrients in this region. In contrast, in the Baltic Sea region, the atmospheric nitrogen shares increased year-by-year reaching a steady-state not before the fifth year. This is also consistent with published studies on the residence time of riverine nitrogen in the Baltic Sea. Atmospheric nitrogen shares were evaluated in detail in the second part of this study.

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“…The Ecological ReGional Ocean Model (ERGOM) (Neumann, 2000;Neumann et al, 2002) has been developed and used for ecosystem model studies in the Baltic Sea (e.g., Kuznetsov et al, 2008;Lessin et al, 2014;Miladinova and Stips, 2010;Neumann et al, 2015;Radtke et al, 2012;Neumann and Schernewski, 2005;Schernewski and Neumann, 2005).…”

Section: Oceanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen inputs into marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Baltic Sea – part B: contribution by shipping and agricultural emissions

Neumann

Radtke

Karl

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. Atmospheric nitrogen deposition constitutes 20% to 40% of the nitrogen input into the North Sea and the Baltic Sea contributing to phytoplankton growth and inducing eutrophication. Major contributors to the atmospheric nitrogen emissions in the vicinity of marine water bodies are shipping and agricultural activities. The contribution of individual emission sectors to the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle needs to be evaluated in order to assess improvement of marine water quality through emission reductions of these sectors. Hence, one focus of this modeling study was to evaluate the contribution of total, shipping-related, and agricultural-related nitrogen deposition to dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), particulate organic nitrogen (PON), chlorophyll-a. A second focus of this study was to compare both water bodies with respect to the accumulation and processing of nitrogen from the mentioned sources. These two research questions were evaluated by a modeling study with the coupled physical-biogeochemical model HBM-ERGOM. The fate of atmospheric deposition in total and of atmospheric nitrogen deposition from two individual sources &ndash; shipping and agricultural activities &ndash; was traced in the marine ecosystem by a tagging method. In the Baltic Sea it was found that the atmospheric nitrogen deposition contributes up to 50% to the DIN pool at individual locations during summer. On annual average, 13% are contributed. Approximately 5% of DIN originated from agricultural activities and 2% from the shipping sector. In the western and central Baltic Sea, the shipping sector contributed nearly 5%. The pattern was similar for the agricultural share indicating that these two sources have a higher relevance in these regions. In the Baltic Sea, the atmospheric nitrogen shares of chlorophyll-a and bioavailable PON were 19% and 18%, respectively, and, hence, higher than of DIN. In contrast in offshore regions only, atmospheric nitrogen shares to DIN, PON, and chlorophyll-a were on a similar level compared to each other (20% to 35%). This difference is caused by high DIN loads and phosphorus limitation in coastal regions of the Baltic Sea. In the North Sea, the atmospheric contribution to DIN was on a similar level but showed considerable spatial variability caused by a north-south gradient. The shipping contribution to DIN was slightly lower (approximately 1.4%) and the agricultural contribution higher (6%) compared to the Baltic Sea. The atmospheric contribution to chlorophyll-a and bioavailable PON was considerably lower than in the Baltic Sea and on the level of the atmospheric DIN shares, which is a result of short residence times of nutrients in the North Sea compared to the Baltic Sea. The shipping and agricultural contributions to PON and chlorophyll-a were also lower.

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Model study on present and future eutrophication and nitrogen fixation in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea

Assessment of Uncertainties in Scenario Simulations of Biogeochemical Cycles in the Baltic Sea

Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen inputs into marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Baltic Sea – part A: validation and time scales of nutrient accumulation

Evaluation of atmospheric nitrogen inputs into marine ecosystems of the North Sea and Baltic Sea – part B: contribution by shipping and agricultural emissions

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