Model reference approach to a force feedback joystick in PC video games

Actuator fault and abnormal operation diagnoses for auto-balancing two-wheeled cart control

“…It is known in conventional PI control approaches that the proportional (P) part provides a constant gain control and the integral (I) gain provides the stiffness to eliminate the DC drop [13]. A general PI compensator adopted in the observers can be found in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It is well known that the Luenberger observer can be regarded as a residual generator [25].…”

A partial pole placement approach to proportional-integral observer design

“…Conventional proportional-integral (PI) control approaches have been adopted in many industrial applications, in which the proportional (P) part provides a constant gain control and the integral (I) gain provides the stiffness to eliminate the DC drop [1]. Recently, many studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] reported the use of the PI-type compensator in the observer structure since they provide better robustness against model inaccuracies and step disturbances than the classic Luenberger observer. For example, it can estimate both the system states and external disturbances.…”