Model Project Based Learning Sebagai Upaya Mengelola Cognitive Load Mahasiswa Pada Materi Media Audio Visual

Abstract

A good learning strategy, should have to reduce the psychological burden of students when the learning process. The purpose of the study is to get an idea of the magnitude of the cognitive load of students in aproject based learningon the subject of learning audio-visual media. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive. These research subjects are students of the fifth semester Biology Education Studies Program Pakuan University academic year 2016/2017 as many as 50 people. Student cognitive load was measured on three components, namely the mental effort students to describeextraneous cognitiveload(ECL), the ability to receive and process information to describeinstrisic cognitive load(ICL), and the learning outcomes to describegermane cognitive load(GCL). Measurement of ability to receive and process information usingtask complexity worksheet(Brunkenet al.,2010). Measurements mental effort using a questionnaireof subjectiveratting scale(Likert scale).Measurement of learning outcomes in the form essay, referring to the standard of reasoning developed by Marzanoet al(1993).The results showed that the ability to receive and process information very high which means that ICL is in the range of working memory, mental effort which means low student ECL is also low, and a fairly high learning outcomes and describe the magnitude of GCL. The results of the correlation calculations between the three components of cognitive load showed a negative correlation between the ICL with ECL (r =-0.017), the positive correlation between the ICL with GCL (r =0,252), while ECL with GCL has a value of a positive correlation (r = 0.135) , These results illustrate that the GCL obtained by students at least caused by ICL. It can be concluded that the student is still at a high cognitive load while attending classproject based learning. Keyword: cognitive load, project based learning, audio visual mediaABSTRAKSrategi pembelajaran yang baik seyogyanya harus mampu mengurangi beban psikologis mahasiswa ketika proses pembelajaran. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian itu sendiri yaitu untuk mendapatkan gambaran besarnya beban kognitif mahasiwa dalam sebuah pembelajaran project based learning pada matakuliah media pembelajaran audio visual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek penelitian ini yaitu mahasiswa semester V Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi Universitas Pakuan tahun ajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak 50 orang. Beban kognitif mahasiswa diukur pada tiga komponen, yaitu usaha mental siswa untuk menggambarkan extraneous cognitive load (ECL), kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi untuk menggambarkan instrisic cognitive load (ICL), dan hasil belajar untuk menggambarkan germane cognitive load (GCL). Mengukur kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi menggunakan task complexity worksheet (Brunken et al., 2010). Pengukuran usaha mental menggunakan angket subjective ratting scale (skala Likert). Pengukuran hasil belajar berupa soal essay, mengacu pada standar penalaran yang dikembangkan oleh Marzano et al (1993). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menerima dan mengolah informasi sangat tinggi yang berarti ICL berada pada rentang memori kerja, usaha mental siswa rendah yang berarti ECL juga rendah, dan hasil belajar cukup tinggi dan menggambarkan besarnya GCL. Hasil perhitungan korelasi antar ketiga komponen beban kognitif menunjukkan, korelasi negatif antara ICL dengan ECL (r=-0,017), korelasi positif antara ICL dengan GCL (r=0,252), sedangkan ECL dengan GCL mempunyai nilai korelasi positif (r=0,135). Hasil ini menggambarkan bahwa GCL yang diperoleh oleh siswa sedikitnya diakibatkan oleh ICL. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa mahasiswa masih berada pada beban kognitif yang tinggi saat mengikuti pembelajaran berbasis proyekKata kunci: cognitive load, project based learning, audio visual media

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