Model Predictive Active Power Control of Waked Wind Farms

Vali, Mehdi; Petrović, Vlaho; Boersma, Sjoerd; Wingerden, Jan‐Willem van; Pao, Lucy Y.; Kühn, Martin

doi:10.23919/acc.2018.8431391

Cited by 16 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, several studies have developed model predictive control (MPC) for both power maximization (Goit and Meyers, 2015;Munters and Meyers, 2018;Vali et al, 2019) and active power control (Shapiro et al, 2017;Vali et al, 2018a) in wind farms by taking the wake interactions into account. A fully 3-D large-eddy simulation (LES) model is utilized in Goit and Meyers (2015) and Munters and Meyers (2018) to optimize the overall wind farm performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fully 3-D large-eddy simulation (LES) model is utilized in Goit and Meyers (2015) and Munters and Meyers (2018) to optimize the overall wind farm performance. However, MPC schemes proposed in Vali et al (2019), Shapiro et al (2017), and Vali et al (2018a) rely on simplified wind farm models for capturing the dominant dynamic wake interactions in a computationally efficient manner. It has been shown that adequate MPC formulations and parameterizations can significantly reduce the computational complexity (Vali et al, 2019); however, the overall complexity of such a control system, including a suitable mathematical model Rott et al, 2017) and measurement system is still an open research topic, particularly for large wind farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, model-free and classical control approaches have also received attention due to their simple control architecture and ease of implementation for real-time control of large wind farms (Marden et al, 2013;Gebraad and van Wingerden, 2015). Both allow the performance of the designed controllers to be evaluated with more realistic wind farm flow conditions, e.g., free field testing , wind tunnel testing (Campagnolo et al, 2016;Petrović et al, 2018), and high-fidelity LES models Ciri et al, 2017;Vali et al, 2018b). Extremum seeking control has been studied as a closed-loop realization of an optimization problem for power maximization of waked wind farms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the pattern of structural loading of the wind turbine components changes for a different distribution of the set-points and despite smooth tracking of the total power, the fluctuations of power and associated loads of the individual turbines can increase significantly. The nonunique solution of APC for wind farms has been exploited in Vali et al (2018b) for influencing the wind turbine structural loading, while their total power production follows a demanded power reference from the TSO. That study focused only on the cases where the APC solution domain is large enough for adjusting the wind turbine power set-points, leading to a better dynamic load balance of all wind turbines inside a waked wind farm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main contribution of this paper is an extension to the APC approaches proposed in Fleming et al (2016), and Vali et al (2018b to reduce the structural fatigue loading of the individual wind turbines in a waked wind farm by actively coordinating their power setpoints, the so-called APC with a coordinated load distribution (CLD) law. The classical feedback control architecture enables individual wind turbine control systems to cooperatively realize the wind farm control objectives using only practically available local power and structural load measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer

et al. 2019

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Abstract. This paper studies a closed-loop wind farm control framework for active power control (APC) with a simultaneous reduction of wake-induced structural loads within a fully developed wind farm flow interacting with the atmospheric boundary layer. The main focus is on a classical feedback control, which features a simple control architecture and a practical measurement system that are realizable for real-time control of large wind farms. We demonstrate that the wake-induced structural loading of the downstream turbines can be alleviated, while the wind farm power production follows a reference signal. A closed-loop APC is designed first to improve the power-tracking performance against wake-induced power losses of the downwind turbines. Then, the nonunique solution of APC for the wind farm is exploited for aggregated structural load alleviation. The axial induction factors of the individual wind turbines are considered control inputs to limit the power production of the wind farm or to switch to greedy control when the demand exceeds the power available in the wind. Furthermore, the APC solution domain is enlarged by an adjustment of the power set-points according to the locally available power at the waked wind turbines. Therefore, the controllability of the wind turbines is improved for rejecting the intensified load fluctuations inside the wake. A large-eddy simulation model is employed for resolving the turbulent flow, the wake structures, and its interaction with the atmospheric boundary layer. The applicability and key features of the controller are discussed with a wind farm example consisting of 3×4 turbines with different wake interactions for each row. The performance of the proposed APC is evaluated using the accuracy of the wind farm power tracking and the wake-induced damage equivalent fatigue loads of the towers of the individual wind turbines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer

et al. 2019

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Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis

et al. 2021

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Wind farm control (WFC) allows coordinated operation of the wind turbines within a wind power plant (WPP). However, its development has traditionally been split into the distinct disciplines of power plant control and farm flow control. As variable renewable energies, in particular wind energy, increase their penetration into the power system, grid code requirements become stricter for WPPs and electricity markets necessarily evolve. In such a context, crossfertilization between the two categories of WFC, targeting an integrated approach where applicable, becomes a priority. An initial overview on how to further align wind farm flow control (WFFC) to grid and electricity markets participation is provided, including an analysis of capabilities and prospects. In addition, greater detail is given about an open‐access dataset serving as market showcases for value demonstration of price‐driven operation of WPPs by means of WFFC.

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Control Applications in Hybrid Wind Farms

Dhiman

Deb

2019

Decision and Control in Hybrid Wind Farms

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Model Predictive Active Power Control of Waked Wind Farms

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer

An active power control approach for wake-induced load alleviation in a fully developed wind farm boundary layer

Wind farm flow control oriented to electricity markets and grid integration: Initial perspective analysis

Control Applications in Hybrid Wind Farms

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