Model prediction on the rise of pCO2 in uniform flows by leakage of CO2 purposefully stored under the seabed

Kano, Yuki; Sato, Toru; Kita, Jun; Hirabayashi, Shinichiro; Tabeta, Shigeru

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.03.004

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…One of the primary concerns is that stored CO 2 could leak to the surface (IPCC 2005;Moore et al 2005;Lewicki et al 2007;Kano et al 2009;Lu et al 2010). Leakage mechanisms from CO 2 storage sites include (i) fast-flow path leakage, which primarily involves CO 2 movement through either transmissive faults or fractures preserved in the caprock (Chang et al 2008;Pruess 2008a;Zhang et al 2009), (ii) poorly sealed injection and monitoring well casings/cement (Bachu & Bennion 2009;Barlet-Gouedard et al 2009;Wertz et al 2009;Kampman et al 2012), and (iii) improperly abandoned wellbores (Gasda et al 2004;Nordbotten et al 2004;Watson & Bachu 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Han

McPherson

et al. 2013

Geofluids

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Geologic carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an option for reducing CO2 emissions, but leakage to the surface is a risk factor. Natural CO2 reservoirs that erupt from abandoned oil and gas holes leak to the surface as spectacular cold geysers in the Colorado Plateau, United States. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CO2‐driven cold‐water geysers will provide valuable insight about the potential modes of leakage from engineered CCS sites. A notable example of a CO2‐driven cold‐water geyser is Crystal Geyser in central Utah. We investigated the fluid mechanics of this regularly erupting geyser by instrumenting its conduit with sensors and measuring pressure and temperature every 20 sec over a period of 17 days. Analyses of these measurements suggest that the timescale of a single‐eruption cycle is composed of four successive eruption types with two recharge periods ranging from 30 to 40 h. Current eruption patterns exhibit a bimodal distribution, but these patterns evolved during past 80 years. The field observation suggests that the geyser's eruptions are regular and predictable and reflect pressure and temperature changes resulting from Joule–Thomson cooling and endothermic CO2 exsolution. The eruption interval between multiple small‐scale eruptions is a direct indicator of the subsequent large‐scale eruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Han

McPherson

et al. 2013

Geofluids

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“…Bubble size is an important parameter because it affects the dissolution rate of bubbles in seawater. Kano et al (2009) We simulated a slight low-pH plume or pH decrease in the vicinity of the leakage area with a bubble diameter of 0.5 cm. Because the ascent speed of the CO 2 bubbles is roughly 13 -36 cm/s, bubbles leaked from a 12 m deep seafloor are expelled into the atmosphere within about 60 s. The seawater contact time of the leaked CO 2 bubbles during ascent to surface is very short, and bubbles may escape into the atmos phere without dissolution of all the bubbles in seawater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping observations using AUV and numerical simulations of leaked CO2 diffusion in sub-seabed CO2 release experiment at Ardmucknish Bay

Maeda

Shitashima²,

Sakamoto³

2015

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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A controlled sub-seabed CO release experiment (QICS: Quantifying and Monitoring Potential Impacts of Geological Carbon Storage) was conducted in Ardmucknish Bay, Scotland, in 2012, to quantify the effect of leaked CO 2 on marine environments. In this experiment, CO 2 was injected beneath the seafloor, and closely monitored as the CO 2 was allowed to leak into the overlying water column. We performed mapping observations using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) equipped with sensors to monitor physical and chemical conditions in the vicinity of the CO 2 leakage. We also numerically simulated the behavior of the low-pH plume caused by the CO 2 leakage, within the calculated tidal current in the bay. The results of AUV mapping observations showed that physical and chemical characteristics of the water mass in Ardmucknish bay are sensitive to tidal variations (low or high tide), and the ascent speed of the leaked CO 2 bubble and the pH decrease in the vicinity of the CO 2 leakage area are predominantly controlled by the tidal phase in the bay. The observations using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) installed in the AUV indicated that the current in the bay flows westwards at high tide and eastwards at low tide. The simulated tidal current agreed well with the tidal current observed by ADCP. Numerical simulation suggested that the pH decrease due to the leaked CO 2 is restricted to the vicinity of the CO 2 leakage area, and fluctuates greatly with tidal variations. In flood tide periods, diffusion of the low-pH plume caused by the leaked CO 2 is barely detectable because low-pH seawater intrudes into the bay from the bay mouth.

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“…Several methods including experiment [4][5][6] and modelling [7][8][9][10][11][12] have been conducted to study the leakage behaviour of CO 2 in seawater to detect and to monitor the leak from the shallow ocean storage. In a small field-scale experiment [4,5] named Quantifying and Monitoring Potential Ecosystem Impacts of Geological Carbon Storage (QICS), 4.2 tons of CO 2 gas were leaked into seawater at depths of 9-12 m at Ardmucknish Bay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Eulerian-Lagrangian two-phase flow model was applied to simulate dissolution of leaked CO 2 bubbles in the ocean to predict the bubbles behaviour and their termination [7,8]. Mean initial size of the bubble was set to be 20 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Initial CO2 Bubbles Leaked in Seawater from Ocean CO2 Storage using Volume of Fluid Method

Pham¹,

Rusli²,

Laziz³

2018

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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The aim of this article is to propose a model to predict initial size and shape of CO 2 bubbles leaked in shallow seawater from ocean CO 2 storage. The volume of fluid (VOF) model in FLUENT was employed. The initial bubble sizes were predicted to increase with the increases in leakage velocity and leakage orifice diameter. The leaked bubbles were predicted to form into various shapes. A comparison of bubble shape predicted by the VOF model and observed from the recently published experimental data showed a reasonable agreement. It was found that the VOF method can be a reliable approach for predicting the initial size and the shape which are used to calculate a rising velocity and a dissolution rate of the bubble during the occurrence of the CO 2 leakage in the ocean.

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Model prediction on the rise of pCO2 in uniform flows by leakage of CO2 purposefully stored under the seabed

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Mapping observations using AUV and numerical simulations of leaked CO2 diffusion in sub-seabed CO2 release experiment at Ardmucknish Bay

Numerical Analysis of Initial CO2 Bubbles Leaked in Seawater from Ocean CO2 Storage using Volume of Fluid Method

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Model prediction on the rise of pCO2 in uniform flows by leakage of CO2 purposefully stored under the seabed

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Characteristics of CO2‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Characteristics of CO2‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Mapping observations using AUV and numerical simulations of leaked CO2 diffusion in sub-seabed CO2 release experiment at Ardmucknish Bay

Numerical Analysis of Initial CO2 Bubbles Leaked in Seawater from Ocean CO2 Storage using Volume of Fluid Method

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Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses

Characteristics of CO₂‐driven cold‐water geyser, Crystal Geyser in Utah: experimental observation and mechanism analyses