Model Prediction and Experiments for the Electrode Design Optimization of LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Graphite Electrodes in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries

Yu, Seungho; Kim, Soo Jeong; Kim, Tae Young; Nam, Jin Hyun; Cho, Won Il

doi:10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.1.79

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…6 More recently, researchers used a combined experimental and simulation approach to optimize LiFePO 4 full cell electrode loadings and porosity for galvanostatic discharge. 7 The role of electrode loading on cyclability, rate capability, and area-specific impedance has also been examined for LiNi 0. 8 10 Ogihara et al investigate the relative importance of charge transfer impedance to ion transport using symmetric cells of varying electrode loadings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Gallagher

Trask

Bauer

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

515

449

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Increasing the areal capacity or electrode thickness in lithium ion batteries is one possible means to increase pack level energy density while simultaneously lowering cost. The physics that limit use of high areal capacity as a function of battery power to energy ratio are poorly understood and thus most currently produced automotive lithium ion cells utilize modest loadings to ensure long life over the vehicle battery operation. Here we show electrolyte transport limits the utilization of the positive electrode at critical C-rates during discharge; whereas, a combination of electrolyte transport and polarization lead to lithium plating in the graphite electrode during charge. Experimental measurements are compared with theoretical predictions based on concentrated solution and porous electrode theories. An analytical expression is derived to provide design criteria for long lived operation based on the physical properties of the electrode and electrolyte. Finally, a guideline is proposed that graphite cells should avoid charge current densities near or above 4 mA/cm 2 unless additional precautions have been made to avoid deleterious side reaction. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are currently being used as the primary energy storage device in hybrid, plug-in, and all electric vehicles. This commercialization has been possible only by leveraging decades of previous scientific and engineering advances on materials, electrodes, and cell development. However, interactions in this complex system are still not fully understood. Automotive grade battery cells are required to fulfill a variety of optimization criteria in order to meet customer expectations and enable highly functional, robust and competitive products. In Fig. 1, key cell level criteria are shown for available technology as well as future development goals. Many of these values are highly influential on each other. In order to optimize one of the criteria it is always necessary to critically evaluate the impact on others. Key goals are to increase vehicle range and decrease cost at the same time. Minimizing the fraction of non-active material is an intuitive path to achieve these goals; however, the cell power and rate capability must simultaneously be maintained. [1][2][3] To derive clear development goals, the high level targets can be broken down to specific component requirements on the different levels of a storage system. 1,4 In Fig. 2, an analysis is shown for a state of the art prismatic hard-case automotive cell format. A battery level specific energy of ∼225 Wh/kg is widely accepted to be a critical value for sustainable implementation of long range electric vehicles. It represents a useful ratio between vehicle weight and range. In order to achieve this high specific energy, all subcomponents of the storage system have to meet demanding requirements as well. On the cell level, large format cells are favorable as they reduce the amount of cell housing needed per cell volume. Prismatic cell formats have a positive influence on the packing densi...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Gallagher

Trask

Bauer

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

515

449

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“…Al. [14]. The effect of geometry variations namely volume fractions and electrode particle sizes were investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The permeability factor which can be calculated from the underlying microstructure given by the Bruggeman relation [16] In order to verify the numerical simulation, a comparison of the model with LiFePO 4 experimental data by Yu et. al [14] is plotted in Figure 2 at different C-rates; which are 0.5C and 1C. The battery parameters used for simulation are listed in Table -II.…”

Section: Geometry Of Microstructure Of the Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Ion Battery Performance for Different Size of Electrode Particles and Porosity

Ranom*,

Rosszainily

2019

IJITEE

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Nowadays, the interest of high proficiency of Lithium ion batteries is increasing as they provide high volumetric energy densities and to meet the demand of exponentially growth of electronic devices. Furthermore, LIB has shown their potential to offer high performance rechargeable battery in the research of electric vehicles. Electrochemical process of Lithium ion batteries encompasses a complex ion transport between the anode and cathode within an electrolyte. The multiscale LIB model consists of charge transport within electrode particle and in electrolyte and the reaction rate at the electrolyte-electrode particle interface which directly relating the geometry of microstructure (the size of particles, about 1nm) to the behaviour in macroscopic model (within the thickness of electrode, about 1 µm). Thus, the geometry of cell and the interfacial behaviour are significantly control the rate of reaction rate. This study concerns about the effect of geometry variations of cell upon the discharge curve of LiFePO4 cathode material. The electrochemical model is solved using Method of Lines technique by discretising the spatial variable using Finite Difference Method. The simulation result is verified with experimental data of LiFePO4 cell by Yu et. al. [14]. The effect of different sizes of particles and volume fractions upon the cell performance are examined. It has been shown that decreasing the size of electrode particles produce high cell potential but slightly low capacity. On the other hand, the optimal volume fraction is shown to be 𝜺𝝂 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟕𝟔𝟑 provided that all the particles are spherical and of the same size. Smaller volume fractions resulted in low capacity.

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“…Many numerical studies that are mainly based on the P2D model have been carried out for LFP electrodes [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In the studies, various approaches were analysed with regard to optimising the electrode structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Model-Based Investigation of Thick LiFePO4 Electrode Design Parameters

Franke‐Lang

Kowal

2021

Modelling

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The electrification of the powertrain requires enhanced performance of lithium-ion batteries, mainly in terms of energy and power density. They can be improved by optimising the positive electrode, i.e., by changing their size, composition or morphology. Thick electrodes increase the gravimetric energy density but generally have an inefficient performance. This work presents a 2D modelling approach for better understanding the design parameters of a thick LiFePO4 electrode based on the P2D model and discusses it with common literature values. With a superior macrostructure providing a vertical transport channel for lithium ions, a simple approach could be developed to find the best electrode structure in terms of macro- and microstructure for currents up to 4C. The thicker the electrode, the more important are the direct and valid transport paths within the entire porous electrode structure. On a smaller scale, particle size, binder content, porosity and tortuosity were identified as very impactful parameters, and they can all be attributed to the microstructure. Both in modelling and electrode optimisation of lithium-ion batteries, knowledge of the real microstructure is essential as the cross-validation of a cellular and lamellar freeze-casted electrode has shown. A procedure was presented that uses the parametric study when few model parameters are known.

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Model Prediction and Experiments for the Electrode Design Optimization of LiFePO₄/Graphite Electrodes in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Lithium Ion Battery Performance for Different Size of Electrode Particles and Porosity

Electrochemical Model-Based Investigation of Thick LiFePO4 Electrode Design Parameters

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Model Prediction and Experiments for the Electrode Design Optimization of LiFePO4/Graphite Electrodes in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries

Cited by 43 publications

References 27 publications

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Optimizing Areal Capacities through Understanding the Limitations of Lithium-Ion Electrodes

Lithium Ion Battery Performance for Different Size of Electrode Particles and Porosity

Electrochemical Model-Based Investigation of Thick LiFePO4 Electrode Design Parameters

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Model Prediction and Experiments for the Electrode Design Optimization of LiFePO₄/Graphite Electrodes in High Capacity Lithium-ion Batteries