Model of the mid-latitude ionospheric trough on the base of Cosmos-900 and Intercosmos-19 satellites data

Karpachev, A. T.; Dëminov, M. G.; Афонин, В. В.

doi:10.1016/0273-1177(95)00928-0

Cited by 48 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The trough minimum position first moves progressively toward lower latitudes, with the lowest latitude around 0400 MLT; it then moves back toward higher latitudes. This result agrees with those found in many earlier studies (e.g., Karpachev et al 1996;Krankowski et al 2008;and Lee et al 2011). It is noteworthy that the range of the trough latitude variation during the dusk-side to morning region (2100-0400 MLT) in summer was larger than the range in other seasons.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Krankowski et al (2008) showed that the slope of the fitting line for the TEC trough position over Europe as a function of 3h_Kp indices was about 1.0 to 1.6 in January 2005, whereas our results were about 1.8 to 2.0 for the winter season. Karpachev et al (1996) concluded that the relationship between the trough minimum position and Kp is different at different longitudes. The discrepancy between the slopes is related to the longitudinal effect of the trough minimum position.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence rate of the trough shows significant variations depending on the season, solar activity, and MLT (Ishida et al 2014). The longitude effect of the trough minimum position primarily depends on the Kp (Karpachev et al 1996). These factors can lead to the large scatter of the data and make the interpretation of the data in terms of physical processes more difficult.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

Yang

Liu

2015

Earth Planet Sp

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This study statistically investigated the seasonal variation, magnetic local time (MLT) variation, geomagnetic activity dependence, and solar activity dependence of the mid-latitude trough using GPS total electron content (TEC) data from 2000 to 2014. The daily median Kp index was used to characterize the daily geomagnetic activity level. The results showed that the trough minimum position depended primarily on the geomagnetic activity, MLT, and the season. The trough depth depended primarily on the solar flux index (F107) and, to a lesser degree, on MLT. The trough depth increased as F107 increased and as the incidence angle of solar flux decreased. The trough equatorward half-width decreased as the geomagnetic activity increased. These variations in the GPS-TEC trough minimum position were compared with the variations in the TEC trough derived from the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI)-2007 model. The GPS-TEC trough minimum position changed little with respect to F107, whereas the IRI-TEC trough minimum position showed a strong F107 dependence.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

Yang

Liu

2015

Earth Planet Sp

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“…In the afternoon and evening sector the trough moves towards lower latitudes in the course of local time. This is in agreement with previous findings (Moffet and Quegan, 1983;Whalen, 1989;Karpachev et al, 1996;Werner and Prölss, 1997;Pryse et al, 1998). During the post-midnight and morning sectors the trough moves back to higher latitudes.…”

Section: Diurnal and Seasonal Variation Relation To Magnetic Activitysupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Empirical models have been developed which describe the location of the trough minimum as a function of local time and magnetic activity (Werner and Prölss, 1997;Karpachev et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The F-region trough: seasonal morphology and relation to interplanetary magnetic field

2006

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Abstract. We present here the results of a statistical study of the ionospheric trough observed in 2003 by means of satellite tomography. We focus on the seasonal morphology of the trough occurrence and investigate the trough latitude, width and the horizontal gradients at the edges, at different magnetic local times, as well as their relations to geomagnetic activity and the interplanetary magnetic field. A seasonal effect is noticed in the diurnal variation of the trough latitude, indicating that summer clearly differs from the other seasons. In winter the troughs seem to follow the solar terminator. The width of the trough has a diurnal variation and it depends on the season, as well. The broadest troughs are observed in winter and the narrowest ones in summer. A discontinuity in the diurnal variation of the trough latitude is observed before noon. It is suggested that this is an indication of a difference between the generation mechanisms of morningside and eveningside troughs. The density gradients at the edges have a complex dependence on the latitude of the trough and on geomagnetic activity. The photoionization and the auroral precipitation are competing in the formation of the trough walls at different magnetic local times. An important finding is that the interplanetary magnetic field plays a role in the occurrence of the trough at different levels of geomagnetic activity. This is probably associated with the topology of the polar cap convection pattern, which depends on the directions of the IMF components B y and B z .

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The latitudinal structure of nighttime ionospheric TEC and its empirical orthogonal functions model over North American sector

Yang

Liu

et al. 2017

JGR Space Physics

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We collected total electron content (TEC) data in the longitudinal sector of 60°W–90°W during 1999–2015 to investigate the latitudinal variation of nighttime middle‐ and high‐latitude ionosphere. The midlatitude trough is one of the important features of the nighttime ionosphere. The statistical analysis provides unprecedented detail of the local time, seasonal, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity variations of the total electron content in the latitude range of 40°N–75°N, focusing on the variation of midlatitude trough. The results show that the trough minimum position has significant local time, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity dependences but slight solar activity dependence. In addition, an empirical model of the TEC in the middle to high latitudes was constructed by empirical orthogonal function analysis. The empirical model can reconstruct latitudinal profiles of TEC and well reproduce the dependence of the midlatitude trough on local time, seasonal, solar cycle, and geomagnetic activity. In addition, we also analyzed the geomagnetic activity dependence of TEC at different latitudes and different local time sectors.

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Model of the mid-latitude ionospheric trough on the base of Cosmos-900 and Intercosmos-19 satellites data

Cited by 48 publications

References 7 publications

Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

Statistical analysis of ionospheric mid-latitude trough over the Northern Hemisphere derived from GPS total electron content data

The F-region trough: seasonal morphology and relation to interplanetary magnetic field

The latitudinal structure of nighttime ionospheric TEC and its empirical orthogonal functions model over North American sector

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