Model of Risk of Cortical Cataract in the US Population with Exposure to Increased Ultraviolet Radiation due to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

West, Sheila K.; Longstreth, Janice; Muñoz, Beatriz; Pitcher, Hugh; Duncan, Donald D.

doi:10.1093/aje/kwi329

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Presently, the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer remains a major concern (UNEP, 1998;UNEP 2002). West et al (2005) modeled the possible consequences for US cataract incidence of increases in ultraviolet B radiation owing to ozone depletion. Their analysis indicated that by 2050, the prevalence of cortical cataract will increase above expected levels by 1.3-6.9%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual solar-UV doses of pupils and undergraduates in China

Yang

Ono

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The solar-UV exposures of school pupils and medical undergraduates were studied over four seasons in Shenyang (latitude 41111 0 -4312 0 , longitude 122125 0 -123148 0 ), Liaoning, PR China. Ultraviolet exposure was measured using personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) sensor on sunny days along with simultaneous monitoring and recording of direct-ambient UVR dose (perpendicular UV dose) for comparison. We observed that the UV doses of pupils on weekdays were higher than those on weekends and that the UV doses of the pupils were significantly higher than those of the undergraduates during both weekdays and weekends. The percent of the mean individual daily UV dose to the environmental counterpart are 2.88% (Autumn), 7.76% (Winter), 3.77% (Spring) and 2.06% (Summer) for the pupils, and corresponding percent for the undergraduates are 0.88%, 0.32%, 0.67% and 0.81%. The means of minimum erythemal dose values with pupils for weekday (5 days), weekend (2 days) and week (7 days) through the whole year are 0.302 (0.275B0.328), 0.215 (0.170B0.261) and 0.278 (0.255B0.301), respectively. The corresponding means with undergraduates are 0.097 (0.081B0.113), 0.091 (0.070B0.112) and 0.095 (0.082B0.108), respectively. Although the season is a major factor influencing the personal direct-ambient percent, it is emphasized that the impact of the lifestyle cannot be ignored.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual solar-UV doses of pupils and undergraduates in China

Yang

Ono

et al. 2006

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…15 Henceforth, if the anti-oxidative function is maleficent at a younger age, EOC may occur because ROS-damaged DNA cannot be repaired, leading to a higher cancer possibility in young adults.…”

Section: Reactive Oxygen Species (Ros)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible mechanisms of development of carcinoma of breast in patients with early-onset cataract

2017

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Background: A nation-wide population based retrospective cohort study from Taiwan in 2014 suggested a propensity of developing breast cancer in young females with early-onset cataract. One such patient presented to us who was a young non-obese female with a large lump in the right breast with skin nodules and bilateral painless progressive diminution of vision. Patient was diagnosed as locally advanced carcinoma of right breast with axillary metastasis (stage IIIB) and bilateral early-onset nuclear cataract. Mechanism of this possible association has never been described.Methods: A comprehensive online English literature search was done using various electronic search databases. Different search terms related to pathogenesis of carcinoma breast and cataract, and their possible association, were used. An advanced search was further conducted by combining all the search fields in abstracts, keywords, and titles.Results: We summarized the data from the searched articles and found that there are certain biochemical pathways and genetic associations that link cancer to cataract. We identified four specific links between carcinoma breast and cataract (in some cases even early-onset cataract). The four mechanisms which explained this possible association included metabolic syndrome, action of reactive oxygen species, genetic polymorphisms and environmental factors.Conclusions: The evidence linking early-onset cataract with cancer is relatively new so possible mechanisms of development of breast cancer in patients with early-onset cataract needs to be elucidated. These plausible connections can further help to take up large scale molecular, biochemical, epidemiological and clinical studies to investigate this association in terms of cause-effect relationship. The impact this association can have, on understanding cataract and cancer pathogenesis; and its potential in reducing cancer incidence in patients with EOC, can be profound.

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“…22 In that study, using a hat or sunglasses was associated with decreased risks of nuclear and cortical opacities in women and men but the associations were modest and not statistically significant. Nevertheless, if West et al 23 are correct in their assumptions, the effect of ozone depletion and resultant increased exposure to UV-B may result in a sizable increase in the number of persons with cortical cataract. In the face of these data and predictive models, even if imperfect, the use of hats with brims and protective (against UV-B) lenses may be warranted as an approach to reduce the risk of cataract.…”

Section: Light Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Exposures and Eye Diseases in Adults

Klein

2007

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose-To provide a perspective of observed associations between lifestyle exposures and eye diseases in adults. Design-Summary of recent epidemiologic studies.Methods-Non-systematic review of the literature.Results-Data suggest that some lifestyle exposures (e.g., smoking) are significantly associated with risk of several different diseases, suggesting that altering behaviors may decrease risk. Where risk is inherent to an occupational or recreational activity, eye protection is likely to decrease risk.Conclusions-Although data are imperfect, it seems that some lifestyle alterations may decrease the risk of eye diseases at little or not risk to the individual. Keywordsepidemiology; lifestyle; risk factors; age-related macular degeneration; cataract; diabetic retinopathy Lifestyle exposures or behaviors have been linked to many human illnesses. Examples are wide ranging from the observation of the association of lung cancer with smoking to food-borne parasitic infection due to ingesting raw or partially cooked shellfish containing parasites (e.g., paragonimus metacercariae). Other examples are common in chronic and infectious disease epidemiology. The best way to establish the efficacy of a preventive (or causative) exposure for a disease outcome, whether a drug, device, or behavior (lifestyle), is to evaluate the effect in a well-designed randomized, masked, controlled clinical trial. However this is often not feasible when examining the relationship of lifestyle exposures with disease, where observational studies may be the only methodology available. Even though observational studies may add important information on the effectiveness of interventions in the community, investigators involved in such studies must be aware of self-selection and confounding inherent in such studies and should attempt to investigate and adjust for these (e.g., by calculating a propensity score).Assessing relationships from observational data is complicated by varying exposure 'doses' over the previous life course and by interacting lifestyle exposures (omitting the ever complicating genetic factors). In addition, documentation of the exposures usually depends almost entirely on self report. This may be complicated by inaccurate memory, by deliberate Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Ophthalmol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 December 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript over or under estimation of the exposure under investigation, and by non-random exposure. Nevertheless, import...

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Model of Risk of Cortical Cataract in the US Population with Exposure to Increased Ultraviolet Radiation due to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

Individual solar-UV doses of pupils and undergraduates in China

Individual solar-UV doses of pupils and undergraduates in China

Possible mechanisms of development of carcinoma of breast in patients with early-onset cataract

Lifestyle Exposures and Eye Diseases in Adults

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