Model of organic chemical uptake and clearance by fish from food and water

Clark, Kathryn; Gobas, Frank A.P.C.; Mackay, Donald

doi:10.1021/es00078a008

Cited by 170 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this case, the amounts eliminated through other pathways can be neglected. Therefore, a lesser difference between the half-life times for achieving steady state for the entire exchange process and for metabolism in fish would indicate more predominance of metabolism in the process of elimination and a similar result has been reported by (Clark et al, 1990). In the present study, the metabolism half-life time was assumed to be 900 h for o,p′-DDT and p,p′-DDT, 360 h for other DDT components, 1000 h for BDE-28 and -47, 5000 h for BDE-99 and BDE-100, 6000 h for BDE-153 and BDE-154, 2500 h for BDE-183 and 1000 h for BDE-209, respectively.…”

Section: Modeled Bioaccumulation Routes In Fishsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Previous studies have predicted rates of accumulation of organic chemicals by fish via these two routes, and elimination processes occurring by transfer through the gills, in feces, metabolic transformation and growth dilution (Campfens and Mackay, 1997;Catalan and Ventura, 2004;Clark et al, 1990;Gobas, 1993;Mackay, 2001;Mackay and Fraser, 2000). A fugacity-based model of bioaccumulation by fishes, developed by the Canadian Environmental Modeling Center (Mackay and Fraser, 2000), was the primary framework employed in the present study with the aim of estimating the relative importance of each uptake route.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is difficult to maintain constant concentrations of contaminants in fishes. Furthermore, as suggested by Clark et al (1990), if fish growth occurs, due to growth dilution, true steady state is often not achieved. In fact, the concept of steady state depends on the period being considered.…”

Section: Modeled Bioaccumulation Routes In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent halogenated compounds in aquaculture environments of South China: Implications for global consumers’ health risk via fish consumption

Zhang

Giesy

et al. 2011

Environment International

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Section: Modeled Bioaccumulation Routes In Fishsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistent halogenated compounds in aquaculture environments of South China: Implications for global consumers’ health risk via fish consumption

Zhang

Giesy

et al. 2011

Environment International

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“…A comprehensive PBPK model was developed to describe drug distributions in humans [53], and subsequent PBPK models have been successfully used in numerous mammalian studies . The use of PBPK models has also been extended to lower vertebrates such as fish [46,[57][58][59][60] and invertebrates [61]. The state of the art and the utility for providing a mechanistic approach to aquatic toxicology for fish have recently been reviewed for PBPK models [62].…”

Section: Physiological-and Energetics-based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on basic physiological processes such as tissue volumes, blood flow rates, partition coefficients between blood and tissues, and biotransformation rates [26,29,64] concentration ratio [58]. The equations for these models can be written in terms of RC [60,65,66] or fugacity [46,67] parameters. A promising feature of the PBPK approach is the ability to scale the model to other species or body sizes by inserting the appropriate physiological information.…”

Section: Physiological-and Energetics-based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicokinetics in aquatic systems: Model comparisons and use in hazard assessment

Landrum

Lydy

Lee

1992

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

346

247

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-Toxicokinetic models are not constrained by assumptions of equilibrium as are thermodynamic (equilibrium-partitioning) models and are more accurate predictors of toxicant accumulation for non-steady-state exposures and multiple uptake routes. Toxicokinetic models -compartmentbased models, physiological-based models, and energetics-based models-are reviewed and the different mathematical formalisms compared. Additionally, the residue-based toxicity approach is reviewed. Coupling toxicokinetic models with tissue concentrations at which toxicity occurs offers a direct link between exposure and hazard. Basing hazard on tissue rather than environmental concentrations avoids the errors associated with accommodating multiple sources, pulsed exposures, and non-steady-state accumulation. Keywords-Kinetic models Bioaccumulation Tissue residue effects Sediment contaminationHazard assessment INTRODUCTlONAssessment and prediction of toxicant effects on aquatic organisms require evaluation of the extent of organism exposure. Exposure assessment establishes the relationship between environmental toxicant concentrations and organism accumulation while accounting for environmental and biological factors that modify exposure. If the relationships between the amount of toxicant accumulated and the resulting effects are known, then the hazard for a particular exposure regime can be established.Aquatic exposure assessments and predictions have employed mainly steady-state and equilibriumpartitioning models. Early efforts, using simple kinetic models, were designed to provide estimates of steady-state accumulation from water exposures [1,2]. These steady-state estimates were then utilized in hazard assessments based on thermodynamic limits (chemical equilibrium). Such models have been employed with good success for evaluation of general conditions, describing toxicant distribution among ecosystem components and *To whom correspondence may be addressed.identifying components dominating toxicant mass balance. This approach has been best refined using the fugacity concept and applied to describe the importance of sediment as a toxicant source [3] and toxicant distributions within ecosystems [4,5].Although there is a continued focus on equilibrium-partitioning models within regulatory agencies, it is clear that the environment is complex and variable. Therefore, to obtain more accurate predictions and assessments, kinetic models are needed to predict non-steady-state, nonequilibrium accumulation from temporally and spatially varying exposures when the simplifying assumptions of the equilibrium-partitioning models are inappropriate, for example, when multiple sources contribute significantly to accumulation.Kinetic models have been used successfully in pharmacology for decades. Such models permit prediction of the onset of drug action and allow the monitoring of drug clearance and termination of effects. Further, these kinetic models describe changes in tissue concentrations resulting from absorption, distribution, metabolism, a...

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Applied Ecology and Environmental Management

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Model of organic chemical uptake and clearance by fish from food and water

Cited by 170 publications

References 29 publications

Persistent halogenated compounds in aquaculture environments of South China: Implications for global consumers’ health risk via fish consumption

Persistent halogenated compounds in aquaculture environments of South China: Implications for global consumers’ health risk via fish consumption

Toxicokinetics in aquatic systems: Model comparisons and use in hazard assessment

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