Model of microsecond pulsed glow discharge in hollow cathode for mass spectrometry

The electrical properties, in particular the U-I characteristics, current and voltage signal shapes within the pulse, are important parameters for the understanding of the processes taking place in the pulsed glow discharge (PGD). The electrical properties are also closely related to the analytical performance of the PGD such as sputtering rates, crater shapes and emission yields. Moreover, the dependence of the U-I plots on the density of the discharge gas can be used to estimate the gas temperature. This result is relevant for the analysis of thermally fragile samples. Nevertheless, there is a lack of PGD studies where the current and voltage signals are considered in detail. Therefore, this article is dedicated to the electrical properties of PGD. The influence of the PGD parameters (duty cycle and pulse duration) on the electrical properties is examined. The results highlight the optimum parameters for particular analytical applications. The question, whether direct current (dc) and radio frequency (rf) discharges behave similarly is also discussed and all experiments are performed for both modes. The comparative studies reveal strong similarities between dc and rf pulsed discharges.

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“…They are also necessary for plasma modelling studies. 31,32 Nevertheless, there is a lack of such studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical properties of the µs pulsed glow discharge in a Grimm-type source: comparison of dc and rf modes

Efimova

Hoffmann

Eckert

2011

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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“…22,[25][26][27] The use of pulsed discharge in combined hollow cathode allows sputtering of dielectric material; however, atomisation efficiency is to the great extent dependent on the formation of surface conducting layer and may vary considerably for the samples of different types. The design of the instrument and its analytical capabilities were previously discussed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The design of the instrument and its analytical capabilities were previously discussed. 22,[25][26][27] The use of pulsed discharge in combined hollow cathode allows sputtering of dielectric material; however, atomisation efficiency is to the great extent dependent on the formation of surface conducting layer and may vary considerably for the samples of different types. 21 So, in such cases, instrument calibration is of paramount importance.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct determination of uranium and thorium in minerals by time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge

et al. 2015

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A direct method of uranium and thorium determination in non-conducting geological samples using timeof-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge was proposed. The following rock specimens were analysed: metamict zircon, metamict rinkite, metamict samarskite (Y-Fe-niobate), pyrochlore and jacinth.For sample sputtering a combined hollow cathode cell of high purity aluminium or tantalum hollow cathodes was used. Powdered or monolith samples were pressed into the surface of the powdered metal prior to analysis. Model samples (artificial mixtures of oxides) were proposed for calibration; additionally, relative sensitivity factors, internal standardisation and standard additions were employed.For validation, IAEA artificially prepared uranium ore reference material was analysed. For additional validation, the obtained results for real mineral samples were compared to the results of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after sample dissolution and semi-quantitative data of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Limits of detection (3s) for the designed method were 0.3 ppm for uranium and 0.5 ppm for thorium, which is comparable to laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The method was also tested for capability to measure isotope ratios for lead and uranium without specific isotope calibration. Acquired isotopic ratios of uranium and lead corresponded to their natural abundances within the experimental error.

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“…The depth of the simulation region in a direction normal to the cathode is 1.5 cm. The overall model consists of two components: the PGD model itself, which was developed earlier 30 and adapted for the geometry of the Grimmtype source, and a model for the evolution of Ar neutrals, which was specially developed for the present study. Additionally, the temperature distribution inside the cathode was simulated and connected to the others.…”

Section: Description Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study we develop such a model, which can be potentially used for several gas-dynamics tasks. The model is then incorporated into the ms PGD model developed earlier, 30 enabling the electrical prepeak and the pressure waves to be simulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal mechanism for formation of electrical prepeak and pressure waves in a microsecond direct current pulsed glow discharge with a Grimm-type source: a modeling investigation

Voronov

Hoffmann

Büscher

et al. 2012

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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Model of microsecond pulsed glow discharge in hollow cathode for mass spectrometry

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Electrical properties of the µs pulsed glow discharge in a Grimm-type source: comparison of dc and rf modes

Electrical properties of the µs pulsed glow discharge in a Grimm-type source: comparison of dc and rf modes

Direct determination of uranium and thorium in minerals by time-of-flight mass spectrometry with pulsed glow discharge

Thermal mechanism for formation of electrical prepeak and pressure waves in a microsecond direct current pulsed glow discharge with a Grimm-type source: a modeling investigation

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