Model of induction of thyroid dysfunctions in adult female mice

Ferreira, Ênio; Silva, A.E.; Serákides, Rogéria; Gomes, Ana EC; Cassali, Geovanni Dantas

doi:10.1590/s0102-09352007000500022

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Given that weight loss is a classic and well-described sign of thyroid hormone excess (Basset et al 2000), the regimen of T 3 administration used in the present study may not have induced metabolic changes sufficient to cause weight loss. Our data agree with the findings reported by Ferreira et al (2007), which indicate that changes in the body weight of mice with thyroid dysfunction are associated with longer duration of disease. In a study by Freitas (2011), animals treated with thyroxine for 35 days exhibited body mass reduction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Sexual dimorphism in autonomic changes and in the renin–angiotensin system in the hearts of mice subjected to thyroid hormone‐induced cardiac hypertrophy

Silveira

Miranda

Mecawi

et al. 2014

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?Based on the relevance of the renin-angiotensin system and the controversy regarding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in thyroid hormone-related cardiac hypertrophy, the present study sought to establish whether there is a gender difference in activation of these systems and the degree of cardiac hypertrophy in mice. r What is the main finding and its importance?Triiodothyronine increased sympathetic modulation and induced higher levels of cardiac angiotensin II in male than in female mice. This could explain the greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormone found in the male mice.Based on the relevance of the renin-angiotensin system and the ongoing controversy regarding the role of the sympathetic nervous system in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy, the aim of the present study was to establish whether the putative difference in the degree of cardiac hypertrophy exhibited by males and females might be related to differences in the sympathetic-vagal balance and/or in the cardiac renin-angiotensin system in mice of different genders. Male and female mice (n = 117) were given 0.1 mg kg −1 of triiodothyronine or normal saline each day for 10 days consecutively. At the end of that period, study of the heart rate variability, spectral analysis and histopathological examination were performed to assess the sympathetic-vagal balance and the diameter of cardiomyocytes. The cardiac levels of angiotensin I and II were also measured. Treatment with triiodothyronine induced a greater degree of cardiac hypertrophy in male (ß73%) than in female mice (ß42%). This difference was attributed to greater modulation of the sympathetic nervous system and higher levels of angiotensin I and II in male than in female mice. Our data indicate that thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy was more intense in male mice due to the synergic effect of the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiac renin-angiotensin system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our data agree with the findings reported by Ferreira et al . (), which indicate that changes in the body weight of mice with thyroid dysfunction are associated with longer duration of disease. In a study by Freitas (), animals treated with thyroxine for 35 days exhibited body mass reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sexual dimorphism in autonomic changes and in the renin–angiotensin system in the hearts of mice subjected to thyroid hormone‐induced cardiac hypertrophy

Silveira

Miranda

Mecawi

et al. 2014

Experimental Physiology

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“…In these studies, we also used histopathological examination to confirm the induction of hypothyroidism; thyroid sections of PTU-treated groups showed an increased follicular epithelium length, in terms of higher follicular cell height than the control group. This was in parallel with other researchers' results (Ferreira et al, 2007). They approved an increased follicular epithelium height in the induced hypothyroid cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact Of Continuous Treatment With Propylthiouracil On Renal And Hepatic Functions In Rabbits

Farrag

Salman

Ali

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences

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This study was designed to investigate the effect of continuous treatment with the anti-thyroid drug, propylthiouracil (PTU), on renal and hepatic functions in rabbits as an experimental animal model. Animals were randomly divided into four different isolated groups (n = 10); Group I received normal saline. Group II, III, and IV were daily administrated with PTU in oral dosing of 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg, BWT, respectively, for three successive weeks. Serum T 3 and T 4 levels were measured in all groups. Increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (P<0.05) were also associated. Moreover, liver enzymes levels, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total serum cholesterol levels showed a significant increase in a dose and time decedent manner. Thyroid glands of PTU-treated rabbits showed variable sized-follicles lined by multiple layers of follicular cells, which displayed signs of hyperactivity as the average follicular cell height. The diameter of its width was significantly increased compared with that in the control group. Besides, follicles were filled with a variable quantity of low-dense vacuolated colloids. Kidneys of such animals showed tubulointerstitial nephritis, glomerular atrophy, and multiple focal areas of mononuclear cell reaction. While the observed hepatic lesions were in the form of severe congestion in central vein and hepatic artery, hepatocellular necrosis, and granulocytic lymphoid cellular responses around portal areas associated with peri-portal fibrosis. Such lesions were dependent on doses of PTU. This study referred to that continuous treatment with an antithyroid drug PTU induced a hypothyroid state that was associated with impaired renal and hepatic functions in rabbits. ‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

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“…It has been proven that PTU induces hypothyroidism in different animal species [35,36] including rats [37]. PTU doses recommended for the induction of hypothyreosis in rats are in the range from 0.01% to 0.10% [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Selenium and Thyroid Hormone Deficiency on Peritoneal Macrophages Adhesion and Occurrence of Natural IGM Antibodies in Juvenile Rats

et al. 2017

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Both selenium, as an effector and regulator of antioxidative enzymes activity, and thyroid hormones are potent immunomodulators. Besides, selenium incorporated into iodothyronine deiodinases is involved in the thyroid function and thus indirectly regulates the immune response. Studies of the mutual infl uence of selenium and thyroid hormones on the immune response are scarce, hence we analyzed the effects of an iodothyronine deiodinases blocker, propylthiouracil (PTU), and selenium defi ciency on the function of peritoneal macrophages, and titer of naturally occurring anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) IgM antibodies in juvenile rats.The experiment was carried out on 64 Wistar male rats allotted to 4 groups: controlselenium adequate PTU-group; selenium adequate, PTU+ group; selenium defi cient, PTU-group; and selenium defi cient, PTU+. The selenium adequate and selenium defi cient groups were fed a diet containing 0.334 and 0.031 mg Se/kg, respectively. PTU+ groups received PTU (150 mg/L) in drinking water. After 3 weeks, thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The animals having "intermediate" concentrations of T 3 (1.56-1.69 nmol/L) and T 4 (41-50 nmol/L) were excluded from further analysis. Thus, PTU+ groups included hypothyroid animals (T 3 ≤1.55 nmol/L; T 4 ≤40 nmol/L), while PTU-groups included euthyroid rats (T 3 ≥1.70 nmol/L; T 4 ≥50 nmol/L). Both groups of selenium defi cient rats had, when compared to the control group, a signifi cantly lower activity of glutathione peroxidase GPx1 and GPx3. Neither selenium defi ciency nor PTU infl uenced the adherence of peritoneal macrophages. Selenium defi ciency signifi cantly decreased the peroxide synthesis in macrophages and signifi cantly increased the titer of anti-SRBC IgM. Hypotyroidism alone or in combination with selenium defi ciency had no infl uence on these parameters.

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Model of induction of thyroid dysfunctions in adult female mice

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Sexual dimorphism in autonomic changes and in the renin–angiotensin system in the hearts of mice subjected to thyroid hormone‐induced cardiac hypertrophy

Sexual dimorphism in autonomic changes and in the renin–angiotensin system in the hearts of mice subjected to thyroid hormone‐induced cardiac hypertrophy

Impact Of Continuous Treatment With Propylthiouracil On Renal And Hepatic Functions In Rabbits

Effects of Selenium and Thyroid Hormone Deficiency on Peritoneal Macrophages Adhesion and Occurrence of Natural IGM Antibodies in Juvenile Rats

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