This research study provides a comprehensive analysis of academic publications that examine the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on strengthening the resilience and sustainability of supply chains. Using a data-driven methodology on the Web of Science platform, we carefully identify and evaluate important themes, issues, and developments related to AI applications in various supply chain settings. The synthesis we present is based on a compilation of 28 articles published from 2020 to 2023. These articles cover various subjects such as transparency, optimizing last-mile delivery, multiagent systems, generative AI, and the significant influence of AI on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in supply chains. The findings not only illuminate the present level of study in the subject but also provide insight into developing patterns and uncharted areas. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of how AI is influencing the current and future state of supply chain management. It gives vital insights for researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers who are involved in this dynamic and ever-changing field.