Model-guided design and characterization of a high-precision 3D printing process for carbohydrate glass

Gelber, Matthew K.; Hurst, Gregory B.; Comi, Troy J.; Bhargava, Rohit

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.04.026

Cited by 25 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We used two types of blends in our experiments, sugar glass and carbohydrate glass. Sugar glass was prepared by dissolving 53 g of sucrose (S9378, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and 25 g of glucose (G8270, Sigma-Aldrich) in 50 mL water (MilliQ, Darmstadt, Germany) and heating it to 150 • C on a stirring hot plate with external thermometer (ETS-D5, IKA RH, Staufen, Germany) to remove all water [19][20][21]. The carbohydrate glass was made by adding, to the sugar glass, an additional 10 g of dextran with an average molecular weight of 48-90 kg/mol (D3759, Sigma-Aldrich) and 50 mL water (MilliQ) to fully dissolve the mixture before evaporating the water [19].…”

Section: Carbohydrate Glass Preparation and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3D printing of sugar glass however holds great promise to recreate the microvasculature structures [19][20][21]. Others have shown that it is possible to fabricate networks that can be cast in a variety of materials and that are perfusable after dissolving the sugar glass [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a disadvantage since junction geometry is essential for a physiological representation of vascular networks. Work by Gelber et al improved the printing process considerably and performed an in depth analysis of the printing behaviour, showing high resolutions and small diameters [21]. Printed structures however maintained lattice based and the application as a vascular network was still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature

et al. 2019

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The vasculature plays a central role as the highway of the body, through which nutrients and oxygen as well as biochemical factors and signals are distributed by blood flow. Therefore, understanding the flow and distribution of particles inside the vasculature is valuable both in healthy and disease-associated networks. By creating models that mimic the microvasculature fundamental knowledge can be obtained about these parameters. However, microfabrication of such models remains a challenging goal. In this paper we demonstrate a promising 3D sugar printing method that is capable of recapitulating the vascular network geometry with a vessel diameter range of 1 mm down to 150 µm. For this work a dedicated 3D printing setup was built that is capable of accurately printing the sugar glass material with control over fibre diameter and shape. By casting of printed sugar glass networks in PDMS and dissolving the sugar glass, perfusable networks with circular cross-sectional channels are obtained. Using particle image velocimetry, analysis of the flow behaviour was conducted showing a Poisseuille flow profile inside the network and validating the quality of the printing process.

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Section: Carbohydrate Glass Preparation and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature

et al. 2019

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“…Related problems In the context of 3D printing in bioengineering, Gelber et al presented a heuristic backtrack searching algorithm to generate printing sequence to enable micro-scale spatial 3D printing on a purpose-built isomalt 3D printer [18]. They were the first to identify that joint positioning errors are caused by beam compliance and include it as a cantilever constraint in the sequence searching process [18] [19]. This finding influenced the nodal printing orders routing part of the sequence planning module presented in this work (section 3.3.2).…”

Section: Spatial Extrusion In Computer Graphicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, extrusion process involves having the robot's end effector (EE)'s tip linearly traverse the path points that a target element defines with some fixed orientation. The EE (a 3D printing extruder) is required to maintain its orientation when extruding to obtain a straight printing result, which avoids the twisting force that the EE might exert on the molten plastic beam during extrusion [19]. Formally, an EE's orientation is defined by a frame {x ee , y ee , z ee } (figure 1).…”

Section: Free-space Joint Motion and Semi-constrained Cartesian Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated sequence and motion planning for robotic spatial extrusion of 3D trusses

2018

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While robotic spatial extrusion has demonstrated a new and efficient means to fabricate 3D truss structures in architectural scale, a major challenge remains in automatically planning extrusion sequence and robotic motion for trusses with unconstrained topologies. This paper presents the first attempt in the field to rigorously formulate the extrusion sequence and motion planning (SAMP) problem, using a CSP encoding. Furthermore, this research proposes a new hierarchical planning framework to solve the extrusion SAMP problems that usually have a long planning horizon and 3D configuration complexity. By decoupling sequence and motion planning, the planning framework is able to efficiently solve the extrusion sequence, end-effector poses, joint configurations, and transition trajectories for spatial trusses with nonstandard topologies. This paper also presents the first detailed computation data to reveal the runtime bottleneck on solving SAMP problems, which provides insight and comparing baseline for future algorithmic development. Together with the algorithmic results, this paper also presents an open-source and modularized software implementation called Choreo that is machine-agnostic. To demonstrate the power of this algorithmic framework, three case studies, including real fabrication and simulation results, are presented.

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Template‐Enabled Biofabrication of Thick 3D Tissues with Patterned Perfusable Macrochannels

Davoodi

Montazerian

Zhianmanesh

et al. 2022

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Interconnected pathways in 3D bioartificial organs are essential to retaining cell activity in thick functional 3D tissues. 3D bioprinting methods have been widely explored in biofabrication of functionally patterned tissues; however, these methods are costly and confined to thin tissue layers due to poor control of low-viscosity bioinks. Here, cell-laden hydrogels that could be precisely patterned via water-soluble gelatin templates are constructed by economical extrusion 3D printed plastic templates. Tortuous co-continuous plastic networks, designed based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), serve as a sacrificial pattern to shape the secondary sacrificial gelatin templates. These templates are eventually used to form cell-encapsulated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel scaffolds patterned with the complex interconnected pathways. The proposed fabrication process is compatible with photo-crosslinkable hydrogels wherein prepolymer casting enables incorporation of high cell populations with high viability. The cell-laden hydrogel constructs are characterized by robust mechanical behavior. In vivo studies demonstrate a superior cell ingrowth into the highly permeable constructs compared to the bulk hydrogels. Perfusable complex interconnected networks within cell-encapsulated hydrogels may assist in engineering thick and functional tissue constructs through the permeable internal channels for efficient cellular activities in vivo.

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Model-guided design and characterization of a high-precision 3D printing process for carbohydrate glass

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature

3D Sugar Printing of Networks Mimicking the Vasculature

Automated sequence and motion planning for robotic spatial extrusion of 3D trusses

Template‐Enabled Biofabrication of Thick 3D Tissues with Patterned Perfusable Macrochannels

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