Model-free and model-based analysis of thermo-oxidative response of wolfberries: A new developed mechanistic scheme

Hydrothermal treatment improves xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and affects the polyphenol profile of Flos Sophorae Immaturus

“…Subcritical water produced a far greater number of H + and OH − ions than ambient water, which further improved the hydrolytic effect of subcritical water on bonded glycoside 42 . Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate in a CO 2 atmosphere was higher than that of an N 2 atmosphere, indicating that the atmosphere environment also affects the hydrolysis rate 18,33 …”

“…Meanwhile, rutin degradation was also related to hydrothermal time, and long‐term heating (>90 min) caused the degradation of rutin. Rutin, known as quercetin‐3‐ O ‐rutinoside, is widely found in natural products, combing quercetin and disaccharide rutinose (α‐ l ‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐ d ‐glucopyranose) 33 . Hydrothermal treatment is a feasible approach for the conversion of glycosylated phenolic compounds into their respective aglycones 18 .…”

“…The formation and degradation of quercetin are two competitive processes, which largely depend on environmental conditions. Quercetin can exhibit antioxidant or pro‐oxidative properties, and its antioxidant activity plays a considerable role in the initial stage of the reaction, but its pro‐oxidative effect may dominate with the change in environmental conditions 33 . The generation of kinetic curves and dynamic parameters of quercetin in the temperature range 160–220 °C are shown in Fig.…”

“…42 Furthermore, the hydrolysis rate in a CO 2 atmosphere was higher than that of an N 2 atmosphere, indicating that the atmosphere environment also affects the hydrolysis rate. 18,33 Hydrothermal treatment on the XO inhibitory effects of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and narcissoside To further confirm that the conversion of polyphenols leads to an increase in the XO inhibitory rate of EFSI, the XO inhibitory activities of rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and narcissoside before and after hydrothermal treatment were analyzed (Fig. 5C).…”

“…Rutin, known as quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, is widely found in natural products, combing quercetin and disaccharide rutinose (⊍-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-⊎-D-glucopyranose). 33 Hydrothermal treatment is a feasible approach for the conversion of glycosylated phenolic compounds into their respective aglycones. 18 Meanwhile, previous studies showed that the recovered hydrolyzed product is generally much more potent in regard to its XO inhibitory activity, is much simpler to analyze and can be more easily incorporated into foodstuffs.…”