Model for the temperature dependent transmission of optically transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) composites

Lin, Hongy; Day, Delbert E.; Stoffer, James O.

doi:10.1557/jmr.1993.0364

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This scatter could be due to variations in the heating rate, as well as the properties of each particular specimen. Lin et al (17) modeled the transmission through conventional glass-polymer composites and found that it is very sensitive to fiber volume fraction, variations in the fibers' refractive index and diameter, as well as the proportion of fibers that are not fully wetted by the matrix. A combination of these factors likely accounts for the scatter in the temperature of maximum transmission as well as the magnitude of the peak.…”

Section: Nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

GROUND¹

2008

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.ii REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)August 2008 ARL-TR-4527 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES* Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 ABSTRACTThe U.S. Army has a critical need for a lighter, more varied array of visibly transparent materials which are currently limited to a handful of polymers and ceramics. This limitation restricts the design of lightweight transparent laminates since only a narrow range of mechanical properties are available, and the proper design of these structures often relies on the engineer's ability to specify the acoustic impedance of each layer. Composite materials offer the ability to tailor mechanical properties but, due to scattering at multiple interfaces, are not typically transparent unless the refractive indices (RI) of composite constituents (e.g., glass fibers and polymer matrix) are well matched. In these cases, sufficient index matching exists over a relatively narrow temperature range since the matrix RI is highly temperature dependent. In this report, we demonstrate improved temperature performance in a model glass fiber-solvent composite by coating conventional micron-sized glass fibers with glass nanoparticles. After infiltration with a model matrix material, the nanoparticles provide an intermediate refractive index interphase that "smoothes" any step change in RI that develops between the matrix and glass fibers.15.

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Section: Nmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

GROUND¹

2008

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“…Organic materials may be incorporated into inorganic matrices in several ways, leading to hydrogen bonding [4], covalent bonding, usually via -Si-Clinkage [5], or simple mechanical blending of the inorganic and organic materials [9]. Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc),…”

Section: John Wiley and Sons Limited Chichestermentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal weight loss of silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) sol-gel composites

Beaudry

Klein

McCauley

1996

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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Thermogravimetric analyses of sol-gel derived silica and silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) materials show that the loss in weight between 35 and 900~ can be attributed to three distinct reactions. Samples were prepared by dissolving the reactants tetraethyl orthosilieate (TEOS), poly(vinyl acetate ) (PVAc), and water in mixtures of ethanol and formamide. The lowest temperature weight loss is due to the decomposition/removal of the solvents, while the intermediate weight loss corresponds to decomposition of the PVAc. The highest temperature weight loss is related to the dehydroxylation of the silica surface. The relative amounts of ethanol and formamide have a considerable effect on processing time, drying behavior, and the resulting thermal behavior of the gels.

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“…Research on the transmission of glass fiber-filled transparent polymers was done by the Stoffer group. [23][24][25][26][27] They describe a model for the temperature dependent transmission of fiber reinforced poly(methyl methacrylate) also using to Mie's Theory. 23 They show a good agreement between calculation and measurement for 17 mm fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light scattering of glass-particle filled matrices with similar refractive index

Wildner

Drummer

2018

Journal of Composite Materials

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If fillers can be added to transparent materials without losing transparency, then advantages like enhanced mechanical and thermal properties can be integrated. The investigated specimens consist of glass particles and refractive index oil as a model for transparent matrices with a very similar refractive index. Their optical properties and resulting limitations are described. Potential uses are also demonstrated by application-oriented optical testing. Besides a standard spectrometer, additional spectrometer setups were used. These include a diffuse as well as a collimated illumination and different sample positioning. Furthermore, the scattered light intensity was measured at different angles. This analysis reveals that composites with smaller particles transmit more light directly. In contrast, standard spectrometers indicate an increasing direct transmittance of composites with larger particles. They collect significant amounts of scattered light and, therefore, are not suitable for transmission measurements of such composites. The different positioning shows that all specimens exhibit very little scattering when placed directly on a diffuse light source. With a greater distance between specimen and light source, the scattering increases strongly. To display the composites' optical appearance, the lightdark-contrast of the diffuse white light source photographed behind the composite was analyzed. Both long and short distances between composite and light source lead to a precise image of the light source. Nevertheless, the white light source appears in the color of the wavelength with matching refractive indices at long distances.

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Model for the temperature dependent transmission of optically transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

Thermal weight loss of silica-poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) sol-gel composites

Light scattering of glass-particle filled matrices with similar refractive index

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