Model for the Origin of Acute Leukemias in Children: Interaction of Three Factors—Susceptibility, Exposure, and Window of Vulnerability

Mejı́a-Aranguré, Juan Manuel

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-05798-9_6

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The etiology of AL remains unclear in most cases. It seems to be the result from an interaction between genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors ( 4 ; 5 – 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

Duarte-Rodríguez,

Flores-Lujano,

McNally

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundA heterogeneous geographic distribution of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases has been described, possibly, related to the presence of different environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the geographical distribution of childhood ALL cases in Greater Mexico City (GMC).MethodsA population-based case-control study was conducted. Children <18 years old, newly diagnosed with ALL and residents of GMC were included. Controls were patients without leukemia recruited from second-level public hospitals, frequency-matched by sex, age, and health institution with the cases. The residence address where the patients lived during the last year before diagnosis (cases) or the interview (controls) was used for geolocation. Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was used to detect spatial clusters (SCs). Relative risks (RR), associated p-value and number of cases included for each cluster were obtained.ResultsA total of 1054 cases with ALL were analyzed. Of these, 408 (38.7%) were distributed across eight SCs detected. A relative risk of 1.61 (p<0.0001) was observed for the main cluster. Similar results were noted for the remaining seven ones. Additionally, a proximity between SCs, electrical installations and petrochemical facilities was observed.ConclusionsThe identification of SCs in certain regions of GMC suggest the possible role of environmental factors in the etiology of childhood ALL.

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“…The etiology of AL remains unclear in most cases. It seems to be the result from an interaction between genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors ( 4 ; 5 – 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of spatial clustering of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases in Greater Mexico City: report from the Mexican Inter-Institutional Group for the identification of the causes of childhood leukemia

Duarte-Rodríguez,

Flores-Lujano,

McNally

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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“…Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is more frequent in Caucasian and Hispanic populations ( 1 ). There are reported differences with regard to peak incidence, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic subtypes, which vary by geographical regions and by populations ( 2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…During recent years, the incidence of the types of AL, especially B cell ALL, has risen worldwide, but in Latin America, this increase has been much higher ( 3 , 4 ). Plausible hypotheses include the role of jobs with lower standards of control to carcinogenic exposures, migration to countries with worse conditions concerning environmental exposures at work, and situations of unusual population mixing could increase the risk of ALL, which is described by Kinlen's hypothesis ( 2 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is clear that the etiology of the types of AL depends on genetic susceptibility, including constitutional susceptibility (e.g., Down syndrome), and is also related to carcinogenic metabolism of immunity to different infectious agents ( 2 ). The age peak of the incidence of ALL and the acute myeloid leukemias (AML), among 2 and 5 years, and during the first year, respectively, might be the result of a window of susceptibility where the environmental exposures would be more important in the induction of the development of AL; however, in Africa and Latino American countries, the high incidence in adolescents with respect to other countries is another point to consider ( 10 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age peak of the incidence of ALL and the acute myeloid leukemias (AML), among 2 and 5 years, and during the first year, respectively, might be the result of a window of susceptibility where the environmental exposures would be more important in the induction of the development of AL; however, in Africa and Latino American countries, the high incidence in adolescents with respect to other countries is another point to consider ( 10 ). To develop any type of AL, it is necessary to be exposed to carcinogenic agents, some agents could induce cancer, but others could promote this cancer, such as the electromagnetic fields ( 2 ) or infections, such as viruses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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