Model for Phosphorus Removal in LD Converter and Design of a Valuable Operative Practice

Abstract

In the primary ironmaking production process, the use of iron ores featured by a high concentration of phosphorus leads to a greater difficulty to manage the refining period of the hot metal by the Basic Oxygen Furnace. Recently, the phosphorus concentration in the hot metal can reach 0.08–0.11 wt% resulting in operative practice troubles for achieving a final P concentration lower than 0.015 wt%. In this study, a kinetic‐thermodynamic model for dephosphorization is proposed and a more efficient dephosphorization procedure of the hot metal in LD converters (350 t) have been developed. The model is a valuable tool to predict the dephosphorization evolution and allows the implementation of a new blowing pattern, able to reach a final P concentration at the end‐point lower than the threshold value of 0.015 wt% with only a slightly increase in lime (+10%) and oxygen consumption (+3%).

Study on the Pneumatic Lime Injection in the Electric Arc Furnace Process: An Evaluation on the Performance Benefits

“…In other words, being the lime powder faster dissolved into the molten slag than the lime lumps, dephosphorization started at a lower temperature, therefore improving the P-sizing effect of the slag. [10,16]…”

Visualization of Slag Data for Efficient Monitoring and Improvement of Steelmaking Slag Operation in Electric Arc Furnaces, with a Focus on MgO Saturation

“…1 : rebar and construction steel grades, 2 : specialty steel grades, 3 : 1 with direct reduced iron (DRI); 4 : construction and specialty steel grades, DRI; #: number of slag data; 5 Most EAF slags were set to a B 2 basicity of 1.9 to 2.4, with only a few exceptions at lower basicity (EAFs 1, 6, 11, and 13) and a few at higher basicity (EAFs 2, 5, and 10). A higher basicity is required, e.g., to keep the P value of the tapped steel below strict limits (e.g., [6,34]).…”

“…EAF slag analysis data from various carbon steelmaking EAFs are plotted in the proposed saturation diagram in the system CaO-MgO-FeO-SiO 2 -5%Al 2 O 3 ( Figure 3 Most EAF slags were set to a B2 basicity of 1.9 to 2.4, with only a few exceptions at lower basicity (EAFs 1, 6, 11, and 13) and a few at higher basicity (EAFs 2, 5, and 10). A higher basicity is required, e.g., to keep the P value of the tapped steel below strict limits (e.g., [6,34]).…”

CO Desorption and Absorption in Molten Steel: A Review

“…Moreover, mathematical modelling and numerical simulation have become a powerful tool to understand and control metallurgical processes. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] A comprehensive understanding of the C-O reaction is of great importance for the accurate simulation of industrial processes like the BOF operation. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Due to its importance, many efforts have been paid to understand the rate and mechanisms of this reaction (Eq.…”