Model for Origin of Monosaccharides

Gabel, Norman W.; Ponnamperuma, Cyril

doi:10.1038/216453a0

Cited by 203 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Tian et al (2009) (Sleep et al, 1989), with one of the last very large impacts, recorded by the ~1350 km Isidis Basin, forming at ~3.8-3.9 Ga (Frey, 2008). Thus, arguments about post-Noachian life on the martian surface require either that it originated de novo after late heavy bombardment in arid, acidic, and oxidizing conditions that would challenge prebiotic chemistry (Gabel and Ponnamperuma, 1967;Miller and Orgel, 1974;Tosca et al, 2008) or that it recolonized a forbidding post-Noachian surface from an unspecified subsurface refugium. Unfortunately, the sole example of life's origin does little to inform us of the necessary timescales for such a process, in large part because of the uncertain origin of self-replicating molecular systems (such as the so-called RNA world) which are thought to require a fortuitous combination of synthetic events (Orgel, 1998).…”

Section: The Duration Of Aqueous Episodes On Early Mars and Implicatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile chemical sediments and the long term persistence of water at the surface of Mars

Tosca

Knoll

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

134

124

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Chemical sediments and the aqueous alteration products of volcanic rocks clearly indicate the presence of water, at least episodically, at the martian surface. Compared to similar materials formed on the early Earth, however, martian deposits are juvenile, or diagenetically under-developed. Here we examine the role of water in facilitating various diagenetic reactions and evaluate the predicted effects of time and temperature for aqueous diagenesis on Mars.Using kinetic formulations based on terrestrial sedimentary geology, we quantify the integrated effects of time and temperature for a range of possible burial and thermal histories of precipitated minerals on Mars. From this, we estimate thresholds beyond which these precipitates should have been converted to the point of non-detection in the presence of water. Surface water has been shown to be at least episodically present in recent times. Nonetheless, the integrated duration of aqueous activity recorded over geologically long intervals by hydrated amorphous silica, smectite clays and Fe-sulfate minerals suggest that where these minerals occur water did not persist much beyond their initial deposition. This geochemical conclusion converges with geomorphologic studies that suggest water limitation during the late Noachian-Hesperian peak of potentially habitable environments on Mars should address the timescales on which liquid water has persisted and the timing of aqueous episodes relative to major planetary events.

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Section: The Duration Of Aqueous Episodes On Early Mars and Implicatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile chemical sediments and the long term persistence of water at the surface of Mars

Tosca

Knoll

2009

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

134

124

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“…Most studies have employed heterogeneous catalysts, particularly suspensions of calcium hydroxide, but some homogeneous catalysts are known, for example, Pb ++ and Tl + ions. A few investigations of the reaction under near-neutral conditions in the presence of minerals have been reported (Gabel & Ponnamperuma, 1967;Reid & Orgel, 1967).…”

Section: The Butlerow (Formose) Synthesis Of Sugars From Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World

Orgel

2004

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

910

248

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The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction makes it almost certain that there was once an RNA World. The central problem for origin-of-life studies, therefore, is to understand how a protein-free RNA World became established on the primitive Earth. We first review the literature on the prebiotic synthesis of the nucleotides, the nonenzymatic synthesis and copying of polynucleotides, and the selection of ribozyme catalysts of a kind that might have facilitated polynucleotide replication. This leads to a brief outline of the Molecular Biologists' Dream, an optimistic scenario for the origin of the RNA World. In the second part of the review we point out the many unresolved problems presented by the Molecular Biologists' Dream. This in turn leads to a discussion of genetic systems simpler than RNA that might have "invented" RNA. Finally, we review studies of prebiotic membrane formation.

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“…The reaction has been observed to occur with HCHO as dilute as 0.01 M (Reid and Orgel 1967;Schwartz and De Graaf 1993a), although there are accounts of its reaction as dilute as 10 À3 M (Gabel and Ponnamperuma 1967). These concentrations may have been difficult to achieve in the bulk early oceans.…”

Section: Environmental Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many minerals appear to catalyze the formose reaction, for example, various clays, apatite, and calcite were found to be catalysts (Gabel and Ponnamperuma 1967;Reid and Orgel 1967;Cairns-Smith et al 1972;Schwartz and de Graaf 1993b). The reaction can be carried out at lower pH and in the absence of glycolaldehyde initiator in the presence of some minerals (Schwartz and de Graaf 1993a).…”

Section: Mineral Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facula, Faculae

Wagner¹

2015

Encyclopedia of Astrobiology

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Model for Origin of Monosaccharides

Cited by 203 publications

References 12 publications

Juvenile chemical sediments and the long term persistence of water at the surface of Mars

Juvenile chemical sediments and the long term persistence of water at the surface of Mars

Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World

Facula, Faculae

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