Model for optimal management of the cooling system of a fuel cell-based combined heat and power system for developing optimization control strategies

Asensio, F.J.; Martín, Jesús Izquierdo; Zamora, I.; Oñederra, O.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.066

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, TN in the fermentation media used in this study was converted and subsequently degraded up to 87% implying a better performance than methanogenesis. As earlier reported, a fuel cell has between 40 to 60% energy efficiency compared with AD with only 19% [65][66][67][68][69] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Electricity generation from food wastes and spent animal beddings with nutrients recirculation in catalytic fuel cell

Dahunsi

2020

Sci Rep

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has doubled its total energy consumption over the last two decades most especially due to population surges in many countries 20. Food waste has been ranked as number 3 out of 15 bioresources that provides major opportunities for productivity and investment 21. This makes FW a profound substrate for energy generation and a sure way to address the ever-increasing challenges of food waste management especially in urban areas 22-25. Due to FW's richness in nutrients and biodegradable organic matter 26 , it has been thermally treated and processed to animal feed 27 , used for fertilizer production 28,29 , and energy generation via AD 30. Besides, AD is one of the most promising technologies for efficient energy recovery from food waste by utilizing functional microbes for the conversion of the organic portion of FW into biogas with about 50 to 70% methane content 31-33. However, the major challenge in the AD of FW is the high volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation leading to enormous acid production 26,34 and this is due to the easy biodegradability of FW besides its high carbon-tonitrogen (C/N) ratio 35,36. As a result of these factors, FW is quickly hydrolyzed to VFAs but takes a lot of time for the subsequent conversion to methane 34 , hence the methanogenesis stage is rate-limiting in the AD of FW. As this happens, VFAs are accumulated and the system more acidified as evidenced in pH decrease. When this is prolonged, it can cause inhibition to the activities of functional microbes and slow down the rate of methane generation or completely halt the digestion process. Spent animal beddings (SAB) are solid wastes usually accumulated in deep-litter systems where materials like straw, sawdust, and other biomass are used as an absorbent for animal excrements and urine. They accumulate in the stables, ranches and experimental animal houses 37. It has been reported that 53.8% of spent animal beddings has a total solids (TS) contents of 18% and above 38 making them suitable materials for AD. Besides, the properties of SAB are hardly or sparsely described in the literature as against those of manure and straw separately whereas the beddings is a profound energy substrate having had its properties modified by passing through the animal's mechanical action on the litter coupled with the biological degradation during litter accumulation 37. However, the bulk of spent animal beddings are FW accrued from the animal's feeding and remnants from the feeds. It is, therefore, a waste stream with similar properties to FW especially with the fact that the animal feeds are also composed of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids which are the major components of human food. Considering the inherent properties of both FW and SAB and the opportunities that abound in the conversion of these wastes to energy, it is expedient to seek an alternative treatment system that will physically separate the fermentation and the methanogenesis stages in order to avoid the rate-limiting phenomenon during methanogenesis 39. In this way, it can be possibl...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Electricity generation from food wastes and spent animal beddings with nutrients recirculation in catalytic fuel cell

Dahunsi

2020

Sci Rep

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“…A 3‐D numerical simulation was also developed by Rahgoshay et al 194 to examine the effect of various flow fields and reported that the serpentine flow field was better than the parallel flow pattern. Asensio et al 204 suggested a model for effective cooling that results in lower cost and better efficiency of a PEM fuel cell. Hajmohammadi et al 205 reported that applying high thermal conductive material directly to the fin increases heat transfer rate.…”

Section: Thermal Management Of Pem Fuel Cells and Gaps In Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Singh

Oberoi

Singh

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary This paper addresses the effects of critical parameters that affect the performance and lifespan of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Amongst all, control of excess water content and dehydration in PEM fuel cells is the major issue under various operating conditions. Therefore, their effects on cathode, anode, gas diffusion layer (GDL), catalyst layer (CL), and flow channels are summarized in the initial part of this paper. Various active cooling strategies such as air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change method to extract the waste heat from the stack are represented. The lateral part of this paper throws light on the role of heat pipes, working fluid, and the effect of the addition of nanofluid with pertinent filling ratio (FR) in cooling of PEM fuel cells. This work is intended to aid the selection of cooling methods for PEM fuel cells through the consideration of the variety of affecting parameters preceding major expenditure for wide‐scale production. In future, cost comparison associated with the cooling techniques of the fuel cell would be evaluated.

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“…This interpolation method was selected for showing great robustness as data monotonicity was respected. The PCHIP interpolation polynomial [59]- [60] used is shown in (1).…”

Section: Electrical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Electrical and Degradation Model for Electric Vehicle Batteries

et al. 2020

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Battery degradation is one of the key barriers to the correct deployment of electric vehicle technology. Therefore, it is necessary to model, with sufficient precision, the State of Health (SoH) of batteries at every moment to know if they are useful as well as to develop operating strategies aimed at lifetime maximization. This paper presents a commercial electric vehicle with a nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) battery cell model that is composed of electrical and degradation submodels given by cycling aging. The studied cell is an LG Chem E63 cell, which is used in Renault Zoe electric vehicles. This degradation model is based on experimental results that are interpolated in the Hermite Cubic Interpolation Polynomial (PCHIP), with the exception of the number of cycles, whose impact is determined by a potential law. Temperature and Crate are found to be the most influential factors in the aging of these batteries. The degradation model developed presents an RMSE of 1.12% in capacity fade and 2.63% in power fade. Furthermore, an application of the model is presented, in which high demanding (highway), average demanding (mixed), and low demanding (urban) driving environments are analyzed in terms of degradation.

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Model for optimal management of the cooling system of a fuel cell-based combined heat and power system for developing optimization control strategies

Cited by 38 publications

References 61 publications

Electricity generation from food wastes and spent animal beddings with nutrients recirculation in catalytic fuel cell

Electricity generation from food wastes and spent animal beddings with nutrients recirculation in catalytic fuel cell

Factors influencing the performance of PEM fuel cells: A review on performance parameters, water management, and cooling techniques

Empirical Electrical and Degradation Model for Electric Vehicle Batteries

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