Model for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Bacterial Sepsis in Rhesus Monkeys

Wing, David A; Yamada, Tadataka; Hawley, H. Bradford; Pettit, George W

doi:10.21236/ada047770

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The decrease in renal perfusion may be compounded by tubular cast accumulation and intratubular obstruction [ 45 , 46 ]. Also, the release of endotoxins may affect the reticuloendothelial system, damage the endothelium and promote platelet adherence and release of vasoactive substances, which may cause a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate [ 47 ]. In addition, colic horses may suffer from hyperglycemia [ 48 ], which activates inflammatory cell death pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods

et al. 2020

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No sensitive method for diagnosing early kidney dysfunction in horses has been identified so far. Many studies carried out in humans and small animals show that podocin can be useful to diagnose various kidney diseases, mainly affecting the glomeruli. The aim of this study was to perform a qualitative and quantitative analysis of podocin in urine samples obtained from healthy horses, horses with clinical kidney dysfunction and horses at risk of acute kidney injury. The study objectives aimed to assess: (1) whether the selected podocin tryptic peptide for LC-MS-MRM allows for podocin detection in horse; and (2) whether the species-specific ELISA test makes this detection possible as well;, (3) whether the chosen methods are sensitive enough to detect kidney dysfunction and glomerular injury, (4) whether the results of the tests applying both methods correspond with one another, (5) whether the results correlate with the hematological and biochemical data. The signals that may indicate the presence of trypsin fragments of podocin were found in three healthy horses, all the horses diagnosed with kidney dysfunction and half of the animals at risk for acute kidney injury. The concentration of podocin, diagnosed with the ELISA test was as follows: from 0.19 to 1.2 ng/ml in healthy animals, from 0.19 to 20.0 ng/ml in AKI horses, from 0.29 to 5.71 ng/ml in horses at risk for acute kidney injury. The results of both methods corresponded significantly. Podocin may be a potential biomarker of clinical kidney disease in horses and may be used in the detection of glomerular injury. However, its use is limited by the possibility of physiological podocyturia. LC-MS-MRM seems to be a more sensitive method to evaluate the presence of podocin than the ELISA test, whilst selected tryptic peptides of podocin appear to apply to horses. The ELISA test showed greater effectiveness in excluding the disease than in confirming it.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods

et al. 2020

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“…Following the intra venous injection of 10 9 Salmonella typhimurium organisms, 10 of 23 rhesus monkeys developed petechial rashes characteristic of DIC. 140 Plasma PK and kininogen levels were significantly decreased in the monkeys with rash. The titer of Factor XII was not measured.…”

Section: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Contact Factors in Health and Disease

Saito¹

1987

Semin Thromb Hemost

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“…Platelets have beens hown to bind stimulated endothelial cells,a process that requiresendothelial cell P-selectin (2),and this has beenimplicated in the initiation of atherosclerosis (3). Systemic plateleta ctivation is af eatureo fd isseminatedi ntravascular coagulation (DIC), whichi sc aused by the uncontrolleda ctivation of inflammatorya nd coagulation pathways, preventing blood flowtoorgans and tissues, usually as aresultofsepticaemia (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are unable to modulate platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate and platelet activating factor

Ward

Bingle²,

Judge³

et al. 2005

Thromb Haemost

124

107

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Inappropriate plateletactivation is afeatureofacute and chronic diseasess uch as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and atherosclerosis. Since proinflammatorym icrobial-derived agonists can be involved in the pathogenesiso ft hese diseases, we examined the potential role ofTLR4 (mediating responsesto LPS) andTLR2(which responds to bacteriallipopeptides)inplateleta ctivation. Our datas uggestedl ow-level expression of TLR2 andTLR4 on platelets, determinedbyflowcytometry,and we also observed expression of TLR4 on amegakaryocytic cell line by bothflowcytometry and immunohistochemistry. Stimulation of the platelets with the TLR4 agonist LPS, and thes ynthetic TLR2 agonist Pam 3 CSK 4 ,r esulted in no plateleta ggregation,noincrease in CD62P surfaceexpression andnoincrease Keywords Platelets, TLR, LPS, atherosclerosis in thec ytosolic concentration of Ca 2+ .The TLRa gonists were also unablet od irectlya ctivate platelets primedw ith epinephrine,orpretreatedwith alow concentration ofADP or PAF. Pretreatment of platelets with LPSo rP am 3 CSK 4 also failedt o modulate thep lateletr esponset os ubmaximal concentrations of the classical plateletagonists ADP and PAF. We conclude that theTLRagonists LPS andPam 3 CSK 4 have no direct effect on plateleta ctivation and that plateletTLRsm ay be ar emnant from megakaryocytes.TLR2 and TLR4 agonists arethought to have a significant role in diseasessuch as atherosclerosis and DIC, but our research suggests that this is through am echanism other than directplateletactivation or by modification of plateletresponsestootheragonists.

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Model for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Bacterial Sepsis in Rhesus Monkeys

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods

Evaluation of podocin in urine in horses using qualitative and quantitative methods

Contact Factors in Health and Disease

Agonists of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are unable to modulate platelet activation by adenosine diphosphate and platelet activating factor

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