Depletion and contamination of shallow aquifers has increased globally due to growing population demand, development and urbanization, and the expansion of irrigated agriculture (Gorelick & Zheng, 2015;Konikow, 2015;Siebert et al., 2010;Wada et al., 2012). Long-term monitoring of groundwater levels, along with more recent observations of water storage changes using GRACE satellite data, show significant declines in the world's major aquifers such as the High Plains aquifer system (