Model Experiment on the Behavior of Argon Gas in Immersion Nozzle

Sulfide Precipitation in Titanium-Added Steel with Residual Level of Copper (3) —Decrease of Copper Sulfide by Long-Time-Annealing in Ferrite Region—

“…Our prediction that Cu can diffuse very fast is inductively deduced. Interestingly, there have been some reports in the field of irradiation-induced embrittlement in material for atomic reactors, [32][33][34][35][36] which mention that Cu diffusion is about two orders of magnitude faster than Fe self-diffusion and is interpreted through Self-Interstitial-Atom (SIA) mechanism, although these experiments are carried out by using Fe-1%Cu or Fe/Cu/Fe diffusion pairs heat-treated at over 1000 C. In our opinion, these phenomena have the same origin to our reports [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and each Cu-related or Cu-S-related phenomenon is viewed from a different angle.…”

“…10, the sulfide precipitation in non-Ti-added steel can be interpreted. As mentioned in our paper in non-Ti-added steel, 3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15] when sulfur and Mn are low in content, especially in recent-produced steel, Mn can no longer stabilize all of sulfur and therefore Cu-S should be interpreted to stabilize such remaining solute sulfur.…”

“…Our standpoint [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and reviews of past studies have already been mentioned in details in the first report. 1) In addition, the sulfide precipitation in ferrite region in Ti-added steel has been already reviewed again in the second paper.…”

“…Also, the precipitation in Ti-IF steel has been traditionally interpreted to finish only in austenite region and not to occur in ferrite region, except for some limited papers. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In other words, carbon in Ti-IF steel has been regarded as completely stabilized as carbide. Therefore, it has to be made clear whether solute carbon really exists in as-hot-rolled IF steel to prove that sulfide precipitation occurs along our proposed theory.…”

“…Therefore, it has to be made clear whether solute carbon really exists in as-hot-rolled IF steel to prove that sulfide precipitation occurs along our proposed theory. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Please note that the terminology is very confusing in this scientific field. There have been some reports to mention the correlation between age-hardening and solute carbon in ''Tistabilized Ultra Low Carbon Bake-Hardenable steel (Ti-ULC-BH)'', 25,26) whose chemical compositions are designed to be lower sulfur (<20 ppm) and/or higher Mn (>1%) to obtain BH properties so that carbon is partially and/or weakly stabilized into TiC by inhibiting the precipitation of Ti 4 C 2 S 2 .…”