Model development and analysis of multiple surface scattering and surface-volume scattering in sea ice layer

Syahali, Syabeela; Ewe, Hong Tat

doi:10.1109/apace.2012.6457624

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This paper is an extension of earlier work [4][5][6] , in which a reliable theoretical model of snow and sea ice was developed. The theoretical model was improved [2] by including multiple-surface scattering, based on an existing integral equation model (IEM) [7] and additional second-order surface-volume scattering.…”

Section: Introduction*mentioning

confidence: 91%

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Remote sensing backscattering model for sea ice: Theo-retical modelling and analysis

Syahali¹,

Hong²

2013

APS

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Remote sensing has been used in Antarctic studies as an earth observation technique to study the polar region. A remote sensing forward model is an important tool in polar research to study and understand scattering mechanisms and sensitivity of physical parameters of snow and sea ice. In this paper, a reliable theoretical model to study sea ice is developed. The theoretical model in a prior work was improved by including multiple-surface scattering, based on an existing integral equation model and additional second-order surface-volume scattering. This model is applied to a desalinated ice layer above thick saline ice and analyzed using different frequencies, bottom surface roughness and sea-ice layer thickness. Improvement in calculation of the backscattering coefficient of the sea-ice layer is investigated for both co-polarized and cross-polarized returns. The effect on each scattering mechanism is also investigated, to understand in more detail the effect of surface multiple scattering and second-order surface-volume scattering. Comparisons are also made with field measurement results, to validate the theoretical model. Results show improvement in the total backscattering coefficient for cross-polarized return in the studied range, suggesting that multiple-surface scattering and surface-volume scattering up to second order are important scattering mechanisms in the sea-ice layer and should not be ignored in polar research.

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Section: Introduction*mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In the present model, we used the original IEM accounting for both single and multiple scattering for the top and bottom surfaces. This model was obtained from Fung [7] and given by 0 ()()()() kkcc qpqpqpqp ssss ssss =++ (6) The first term is the Kirchhoff term, and accounts for single scattering only. It is given by…”

Section: Surface Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote sensing backscattering model for sea ice: Theo-retical modelling and analysis

Syahali¹,

Hong²

2013

APS

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“…In previous studies, remote sensing forward model has been developed to study and understand scattering mechanisms and sensitivity of physical parameters of snow and sea ice. This paper is an extended work from previous studies [16][17][18][19], where an improved theoretical model to study polar region was developed. Multiple-surface scattering, based on an existing integral equation model (IEM) that calculates surface scattering and additional second-order surface-volume scattering, were added in the model from prior research works [7] for improvement in the backscattering calculation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscattering Analysis for Snow Remote Sensing Model With Higher Order of Surface-Volume Scattering

Syahali¹,

Ewe²

2016

PIER M

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Abstract-The study of earth terrain in Antarctica is important as this region has a direct impact on global environment and weather condition. There have been many research works in developing remote sensing technologies, as it can be used as an earth observation technique to monitor the polar region [11,15]. In previous studies, remote sensing forward model has been developed to study and understand scattering mechanisms and sensitivity of physical parameters of snow and sea ice. This paper is an extended work from previous studies [16][17][18][19], where an improved theoretical model to study polar region was developed. Multiple-surface scattering, based on an existing integral equation model (IEM) that calculates surface scattering and additional second-order surface-volume scattering, were added in the model from prior research works [7] for improvement in the backscattering calculation. We present herein the application of this model on a snow layer above ground which is modeled as a volume of ice particles that are closely packed and bounded by irregular boundaries above a homogenous half space. The effect of including multiple surface scattering and additional surface-volume scattering up to second order in the backscattering coefficient calculation of snow layer is studied for co-polarized and cross-polarized returns. Comparisons with satellite data are also done for validation. Results show improvement in the total backscattering coefficient for cross-polarized return in the studied range, suggesting that multiple-surface scattering and surface-volume scattering up to second order are important scattering mechanisms in the snow layer and should not be ignored in polar research.

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Model development and analysis of multiple surface scattering and surface-volume scattering in sea ice layer

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Remote sensing backscattering model for sea ice: Theo-retical modelling and analysis

Remote sensing backscattering model for sea ice: Theo-retical modelling and analysis

Backscattering Analysis for Snow Remote Sensing Model With Higher Order of Surface-Volume Scattering

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