Model design of an architectural grid-connected photovoltaic system

Abstract

The electricity crisis in Indonesia can be averted with comprehensive planning, management of energy systems (demand-side management), efforts to utilize alternative energy sources and energy conservation. Dependence on fossil energy sources should be reduced and on the other hand, the utilization of new and renewable energy sources should increase. In the long term, fossil energy use must decline given the petroleum depletion and environmental unsustainability [1][2][3]. Indonesia is one of the countries that has committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to 29% below business as usual by 2030 or a 41% reduction target contingent on sufficient international financial support. Indonesia also submitted its first longterm strategy to the United Nations Framework on Climate Change Conference, UNFCCC, which indicates the country plans to peak GHG emissions in 2030 and reach net-zero GHG emissions by 2060 or sooner [4][5][6].The demand for electrical energy in Indonesia continues to increase with the population growth and become an integral part of the needs of people living in line with