Model, Design, and Testing of Field Mill Sensors for Measuring Electric Fields Under High-Voltage Direct-Current Power Lines

Cui, Yong; Yuan, Haiwen; Song, Xiao; Zhao, Luxing; Liu, Yumeng; Liu, Lin

doi:10.1109/tie.2017.2719618

Cited by 69 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The induced current is measured to derive electric field strength. The above methods have to use the metal antennas or probes to induce the electric field [8,9]. The metallic structures are susceptible to electromagnetic noise and can only measure EMF at a single point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Electromagnetic Field Measurement Based on Optical Sensors

Peng

Jia

Bian

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Electromagnetic field sensors are widely used in various areas. In recent years, great progress has been made in the optical sensing technique for electromagnetic field measurement, and varieties of corresponding sensors have been proposed. Types of magnetic field optical sensors were presented, including probes-based Faraday effect, magnetostrictive materials, and magnetic fluid. The sensing system-based Faraday effect is complex, and the sensors are mostly used in intensive magnetic field measurement. Magnetic field optical sensors based on magnetic fluid have high sensitivity compared to that based on magnetostrictive materials. Three types of electric field optical sensors are presented, including the sensor probes based on electric-optic crystal, piezoelectric materials, and electrostatic attraction. The majority of sensors are developed using the sensing scheme of combining the LiNbO3 crystal and optical fiber interferometer due to the good electro-optic properties of the crystal. The piezoelectric materials-based electric field sensors have simple structure and easy fabrication, but it is not suitable for weak electric field measurement. The sensing principle based on electrostatic attraction is less commonly-used sensing methods. This review aims at presenting the advances in optical sensing technology for electromagnetic field measurement, analyzing the principles of different types of sensors and discussing each advantage and disadvantage, as well as the future outlook on the performance improvement of sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress on Electromagnetic Field Measurement Based on Optical Sensors

Peng

Jia

Bian

et al. 2019

Sensors

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“…It should also be remarked that in addition to RH, the strength of the wind also plays a role in the distribution of the electric field. This was shown in [18,19], which demonstrates the use of FMs to measure the electric field underneath a HVDC line. This adds a further complication to the process of relating observed FM voltage to actual voltage on the busbar.…”

Section: Relationship Between Instantaneous Time Constant Rh Ah Andmentioning

confidence: 89%

Non-Contact Measurement and Analysis of Trapped Charge Decay Rates for Cable Line Switching Transients

et al. 2020

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During reclosure of 275 kV cable circuits used for voltage control, excessive overvoltages were observed on the network. Such events cause onerous and costly failures. Transient simulations have shown that the normal voltage on its own cannot generate such excessive switching overvoltages. Initial investigations by the network operator pointed towards trapped charge on the unearthed as the cause of the failures. Measurement of these trapped charge voltages and their slow decay without interfering with the charge has, to the author’s knowledge, not been done before in an operational substation. This work introduces a technique to measure trapped charge at a 275 kV substation using the Electrostatic Field Mill. Since the electric field is a proxy measurement of surface voltage, field mills can also be used to measure voltage. In this paper, an on-site substation measurement setup using an electrostatic field mill has been developed for the non-contact measurement of trapped charge voltage on a 275 kV underground cable circuit following switching operations at a National Grid substation. Results of field measurements within the substation and laboratory experimentation are discussed. It is demonstrated that with adequate calibration, achieved by using the known pre-switching power frequency steady state voltage, the slowly decaying DC voltage caused by the cable trapped charge can be measured using this non-contact technique. The correlation between the instantaneous time constant and the relative humidity is also analysed.

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“…An inductive electrostatic sensor should be placed in a non-stationary electric field in order to obtain an output signal of some kind from the sensor. When the charge is static and the electric field remains constant, a time-varying electric field is usually produced by means of mechanical modulators such as rotating vanes of electric field mills [6] and micromachined resonators of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) electric field sensors [7]. In practice, the physical process to be monitored usually involves some movement of a charged object that creates a varying electric field, which eliminates the need for mechanical modulators and simplifies the sensing system.…”

Section: Signal Conditioning Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%